Introduction: Can fleas cause seizures in dogs? Fleas are a major concern for pet owners, with these tiny pests capable of causing great discomfort and distress for our canine companions and owners too. Amidst the fray, questions emerge about the potential link between fleas and seizures in dogs. In this article, we will explore how fleas can exacerbate existing health conditions and the role of certain flea control products in triggering seizures, especially in dogs with epilepsy. Understanding the Flea Menace Fleas are more than just a nuisance. Beyond the incessant itching and skin irritation they cause, fleas can also trigger and exacerbate existing health conditions in dogs. For dogs with allergic dermatitis, flea bites can trigger intense itching and discomfort, leading to self-inflicted injuries and secondary skin infections. Flea infestations can also cause anaemia (low red blood cells), especially in young puppies or debilitated dogs, further compromising their health and well-being. While fleas themselves are unlikely to cause seizures in dogs directly, their presence can exacerbate underlying health conditions, including epilepsy. Dogs with epilepsy are prone to seizures triggered by various factors, including stress, excitement, and metabolic imbalances. Flea infestations can contribute to stress and discomfort in epileptic dogs, potentially increasing the frequency or severity of seizures. Additionally, flea bites can trigger allergic reactions in some dogs, leading to intense itching and skin inflammation, which may exacerbate stress and trigger seizures in susceptible individuals. The Role of Flea Control Products In the quest to rid our pets of fleas, many pet owners turn to flea control products containing insecticides or other chemicals designed to kill fleas on contact. While these products can be effective in controlling flea infestations, they may also pose risks, especially when used improperly or in dogs with underlying health conditions such as epilepsy. Certain flea control products contain neurotoxic insecticides that can interfere with the normal functioning of the nervous system, potentially leading to neurological symptoms, including seizures, if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Pet owners are therefore left with three options: using a regular preventative treatment, trialling a non-veterinary alternative or monitoring their dog for any signs of fleas. The risk with the latter is that if and when fleas are spotted, they can be a real pest to eliminate! This often requires the use of harsh chemical sprays in the home and intensive washing and cleaning as well as treatment of your dog at that time. If you choose to use a regular preventative flea treatment, we would highly recommend that you only use veterinary licensed products under the direct guidance of your veterinarian who knows your pet's overall health and circumstances. They can then help find the safest product for you. Every individual is different, with some breeds being higher risk for certain insecticides (e.g. collies and Selamectin). Additionally, pet owners should closely monitor their epileptic dogs for any signs of adverse reactions to flea control products and seek veterinary attention promptly if seizures or other concerning symptoms occur. If you decide to trial a natural product, the main risk (depending on the efficacy of the chosen product) is that your dog may still get bitten by fleas. For certain dogs, the risk of fleas may be preferable to a potential adverse reaction to the insecticides themselves, given the dog's existing health concerns. It is always worth discussing with your veterinary surgeon about the pros and cons and potential risks specifically for your dog. Conclusion: Can Fleas Cause Seizures in Dogs? While fleas themselves are unlikely to directly cause seizures in dogs, their presence can exacerbate existing health conditions and contribute to stress and discomfort, potentially increasing the risk of seizures in susceptible individuals. Additionally, certain flea control products containing neurotoxic insecticides may pose risks, especially for dogs with underlying health conditions such as epilepsy. By understanding the potential risks associated with fleas and flea control products and taking appropriate preventive measures, pet owners can help protect their furry companions from the perils of flea infestations and seizures, ensuring a happy and healthy life for their beloved dogs.

Dogs with epilepsy face unique challenges, including the risk of seizures triggered by various factors. While pet parents diligently manage their furry friends' epilepsy, another threat may lurk in the shadows: lungworm infection. Lungworms are parasites that can cause serious health issues in dogs, including respiratory problems and neurological symptoms. It is therefore highly recommended that all dogs in the UK have preventative treatment against lungworm infection to safeguard their well-being. In this article, we'll explore the importance of lungworm prevention, provide specifics for dogs with seizures, and provide tips for keeping your canine companion safe. @vettimes Understanding Lungworm Infection Lungworms are a type of parasitic worm that primarily infects dogs and other canids. The most common species of lungworm affecting dogs is Angiostrongylus vasorum, also known as the French heartworm. Dogs become infected with lungworms by ingesting infective larvae, which can be found in contaminated environments or carried by intermediate hosts such as snails, slugs, or frogs hence why it is particularly important to keep up to date if your dog is a renowned scavenger. Even if your dog just munches on grass occasionally this could be enough to ingest unwanted slugs or snails. Unlike with a tick or flea that you can see externally, lungworms are ingested and the larvae then migrate through the dog's body causing damage, reaching the heart and lungs, where they mature into adult worms. Lungworm infection can lead to a range of symptoms, including coughing, difficulty breathing, lethargy, weight loss, and neurological signs such as seizures, tremors, or paralysis. @myelanco Please discuss with your local vets whether your area is higher or lower risk, however as you can see from the chart below all of the UK has some degree of lungworm risk and therefore preventative treatment is warranted. Preventing Lungworm Infection in Dogs with Seizures For dogs with epilepsy, preventing lungworm infection is essential to protect their overall health and reduce the risk of further seizure triggers. Here are some tips for preventing lungworm infection in seizure-prone dogs: Administer Preventative Medication : Speak to your veterinarian about the appropriate lungworm preventative medication for your dog. There are several options available, including monthly oral or topical treatments that can help protect your dog against lungworm infection. These medications may also provide protection against other common parasites, such as fleas, ticks, and heartworms. Some medications may have a risk of triggering seizures themselves so it is important to have this discussion with your veterinarian. If you choose the medication route rather than natural supplements and worm egg counts as discussed below, we advise against buying over the counter products at pet stores as they may not be as efficient nor as safe for your pet's health. Regular worm egg counts:  As an alternative to regular treatment, some owners are choosing to regularly test their pets faeces for worms in order to treat only as and when it is needed to do so. The frequency of this testing is dependant on your own pets' risk factors (prevalence of worms in your geographical location, type of food fed e.g. raw-fed dogs are at a higher risk etc.). Watch this space as we have more information on worm egg counts to come! Please also note that a blood test is available at many veterinary practices for results within the hour if you are iminently worried about your dog having lungworm (IDEXX Angio Detect™). Practice Good Hygiene : Limit your dog's access to areas where lungworm larvae may be present, such as gardens with snails or slugs, stagnant water, or areas frequented by wildlife. Keep your dog's living environment clean and free from feces, which can attract intermediate hosts and increase the risk of infection. Supervise Outdoor Activities : When allowing your dog to roam outdoors, especially in wooded or grassy areas, keep a close eye on them to prevent them from ingesting snails, slugs, or other potential carriers of lungworm larvae. Avoid letting your dog drink from puddles or standing water, as these may be contaminated with infective larvae. Regular Veterinary Check-ups : Schedule regular veterinary check-ups for your dog, including fecal examinations and screenings for parasites. Early detection of lungworm infection allows for prompt treatment and minimises the risk of complications, including neurological symptoms such as seizures. Monitor for Symptoms : Keep a close watch on your dog for any signs of respiratory distress, coughing, lethargy, weight loss, or neurological symptoms such as seizures. If you notice any unusual symptoms, consult with your veterinarian promptly for evaluation and appropriate management. For dogs with epilepsy, preventing lungworm infection is a critical aspect of maintaining their health and well-being. By administering preventative medication, practicing good hygiene, supervising outdoor activities, scheduling regular veterinary check-ups, and monitoring for symptoms, pet parents can help protect their seizure-prone pups from the potentially devastating effects of lungworm infection. If you have concerns about lungworm prevention or suspect that your dog may be infected, don't hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for guidance and support. Together, we can keep our furry friends healthy, happy, and seizure-free.

If you're caring for a dog with epilepsy, you know how important it is to prioritize their health and well-being. Alongside medication and veterinary care, dietary choices can play a significant role in managing seizures and supporting overall health. One nutritious option that benefits any dog is bone broth. In this post, we'll explore the health benefits of bone broth for dogs with epilepsy and provide a simple recipe to try at home. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Canine epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which can vary in severity and frequency. While medication is often prescribed to manage seizures, incorporating supportive dietary options can complement treatment and improve your dog's quality of life. The Health Benefits of Bone Broth Bone broth is made by simmering animal bones, typically for an extended period, to extract valuable nutrients such as collagen, gelatin, amino acids, and minerals. These nutrients offer a range of health benefits for dogs, including those with epilepsy: Joint Health:  The collagen and gelatin found in bone broth support joint health, which can be especially beneficial for older dogs or those with mobility issues often associated with epilepsy medications. Gut Health:  Bone broth contains amino acids like glycine and proline, which help support a healthy gut lining and may aid digestion, important for dogs with epilepsy who may have sensitivities or gastrointestinal issues. Nutrient Absorption:  The minerals and nutrients in bone broth are easily absorbed by the body, providing essential nourishment for overall health and potentially helping to counteract any deficiencies that can arise from long-term medication use. Hydration:  Bone broth is hydrating and can be especially useful for encouraging water intake in dogs who may be reluctant drinkers, ensuring they stay properly hydrated, which is crucial for overall health and seizure management. Recipe: Homemade Bone Broth Making bone broth for your furry friend is easy and requires just a few simple ingredients: Ingredients: 900g - 1.3kg of raw bones (such as beef, chicken, or turkey) 1-2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar Water Optional: vegetables like carrots or celery for added flavour (avoid onions and garlic, which can be toxic to dogs). Also, feel free to add a herb like curly parsley for added nutrients! Instructions: Place the raw bones in a large stockpot or slow cooker. Add the apple cider vinegar and enough water to cover the bones completely. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer for 12-24 hours, skimming off any foam that rises to the surface. Add optional vegetables during the last few hours of cooking for added flavor. Once done, strain the broth to remove any bones or vegetable pieces. Allow the broth to cool before serving to your dog. You can store it in the refrigerator for up to five days or freeze it in portions for future use. Conclusion: The Benefits of Bone Broth for Dogs with Epilepsy Incorporating bone broth into your dog's diet can provide a range of health benefits, including supporting joint health, gut health, nutrient absorption, and hydration, which are especially important for dogs with epilepsy. This nutritious treat is easy to make at home and can be a delicious addition to your furry friend's diet. Remember to always consult with your veterinarian before making any significant dietary changes, especially if your dog has special health considerations. It's essential to consult with a veterinarian before implementing any natural treatment interventions, as individualised care and monitoring are crucial for optimising efficacy and safety. With a comprehensive approach that integrates natural therapies alongside conventional treatments, pet owners can empower themselves to effectively manage their dog's epilepsy and provide them with the best possible care and support. References: Deparle, L. A., et al. "Efficacy and safety of glycosylated undenatured type‐II collagen (UC‐II) in therapy of arthritic dogs §."  Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics  28.4 (2005): 385-390. Schunck, Michael, Helen Louton, and Steffen Oesser. "The effectiveness of specific collagen peptides on osteoarthritis in dogs-impact on metabolic processes in canine chondrocytes." Open Journal of Animal Sciences 7.3 (2017): 254-266. Beynen, A. C., et al. "Oral administration of gelatin hydrolysate reduces clinical signs of canine osteoarthritis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5.2 (2010): 102-106.

Leaving your beloved furry friend at home alone can be a source of anxiety for any pet parent, but when your dog has epilepsy, those feelings can be heightened. It's natural to worry about your dog's safety and well-being while you're away, but with the right strategies in place, you can help alleviate your anxiety and ensure your pup stays safe and comfortable. In this post, we'll explore effective ways to manage your anxiety when leaving your epileptic dog at home, while also addressing the psychological toll it can take on dog owners. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Before delving into strategies for managing anxiety, it's essential to have a basic understanding of canine epilepsy. Canine epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which can vary in severity and frequency. While medication and veterinary care are crucial for managing epilepsy in dogs, pet parents also play a significant role in providing a safe and supportive environment for their furry friends. The Psychological Toll on Dog Owners Living with an epileptic dog can take a toll on pet owners' mental and emotional well-being. Witnessing your dog experience seizures can be distressing and traumatic, leading to feelings of helplessness, fear, and anxiety. Additionally, the constant worry about your dog's safety and the unpredictability of seizures can contribute to ongoing stress and anxiety for dog owners. It's important for dog owners to recognize that feeling anxious about leaving their epileptic dog at home alone is entirely normal. You're not alone in experiencing these emotions, and it's essential to give yourself permission to acknowledge and address them. By normalizing feelings of anxiety, you can begin to explore strategies for managing and coping with these emotions in a healthy way. Accepting Your Dog's Condition One essential aspect of managing anxiety as a dog owner is accepting your dog's condition. While it's natural to feel overwhelmed and fearful about your dog's epilepsy diagnosis, accepting that your dog has a medical condition that requires management can help alleviate feelings of guilt or inadequacy. Remember that you're doing everything you can to provide the best possible care for your furry friend , and that acceptance is an essential step in coping with the challenges of epilepsy. Understanding Seizures It's also crucial for pet owners to understand what happens during a seizure and how to respond appropriately. While seizures can be frightening to witness, it's important to know that dogs typically do not experience pain during a seizure. Dogs may appear disoriented, twitch, or convulse during a seizure, but they are not conscious of their actions and are not experiencing pain. Additionally, learning that dogs can be okay on their own during a seizure can help alleviate anxiety about leaving your dog at home. Tips for Managing Anxiety Stick to a Routine:  Establishing a consistent daily routine can help your epileptic dog feel more secure and reduce anxiety when you're away. Stick to regular feeding times, bathroom breaks, and exercise routines to provide structure and stability. Create a Safe Environment:  Ensure your home is safe and secure for your dog while you're away. Remove any potential hazards or obstacles that could pose a risk during a seizure, such as sharp objects or furniture with sharp corners. Consider confining your dog to a safe area of the house, such as a crate or gated-off room, to prevent accidents or injuries. Provide Comforting Stimuli:  Leave comforting stimuli for your dog to help them feel more relaxed in your absence. This could include leaving on soothing music or white noise, providing a favourite toy or blanket, or leaving an article of clothing with your scent to provide comfort. Consider Surveillance Cameras:  Investing in a surveillance camera or pet monitoring system can provide peace of mind by allowing you to check in on your dog remotely while you're away. Many modern cameras even offer two-way audio functionality, allowing you to soothe your dog with your voice if they become anxious. Stay Connected with Your Veterinarian:  Maintain open communication with your veterinarian and update them on any changes in your dog's condition or behavior. Your veterinarian can offer guidance and support tailored to your dog's specific needs, helping you feel more confident in managing their epilepsy. Conclusion: Managing Your Anxiety When Leaving Your Epileptic Dog at Home Leaving your epileptic dog at home alone can be challenging, both emotionally and mentally, but with the right strategies in place, you can help alleviate your anxiety and ensure your furry friend stays safe and comfortable while you're away. By acknowledging the psychological toll of caring for an epileptic dog, accepting your dog's condition, understanding seizures, and implementing practical coping strategies, you can promote peace of mind for both you and your beloved pet.

When it comes to managing canine epilepsy, pet owners often focus on medication and lifestyle adjustments. However, one often overlooked aspect is temperature regulation. Overheating can be a significant trigger for seizures in dogs with epilepsy. That's where cooling coats come in. In this post, we'll explore the importance of cooling coats for dogs with epilepsy, how and when to use them, and why preventing overheating is crucial for managing canine epilepsy. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Canine epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. While medication plays a crucial role in managing seizures, environmental factors such as temperature can also impact seizure frequency and severity. Why Overheating is a Trigger for Seizures For dogs with epilepsy, overheating can be a potent trigger for seizures. When a dog's body temperature rises beyond a certain point, it can disrupt the delicate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, potentially leading to a seizure. This is why pet owners need to take proactive measures to prevent overheating in their epileptic dogs. This is especially important in regions that experience sustained high temperatures and during the summer months. The Importance of Cooling Coats Cooling coats are specially designed garments that help regulate a dog's body temperature, keeping them cool and comfortable even in hot weather. These coats typically feature materials that retain moisture and evaporate slowly, providing a cooling effect as the water evaporates from the coat's surface. How and When to Use Cooling Coats Cooling coats should be used whenever your dog is at risk of overheating, such as during outdoor activities in warm weather or after vigorous exercise. Simply soak the coat in water, wring out the excess moisture, and place it on your dog. As the water evaporates, it will help lower your dog's body temperature and reduce the risk of overheating and seizure triggers. Choosing the Right Cooling Coat Selecting the appropriate cooling coat for your canine companion is crucial to ensure optimal comfort and effectiveness in regulating their body temperature. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the right cooling coat for your dog with epilepsy: Material and Breathability:  Opt for cooling coats made from lightweight, breathable materials that allow for proper air circulation. Fabrics like mesh or evaporative materials are excellent choices as they facilitate the evaporation process, helping to cool your dog efficiently. Adjustability and Fit:  Look for cooling coats with adjustable straps or closures to ensure a snug and secure fit. A properly fitting coat will maximize contact with your dog's body, enhancing the cooling effect and preventing discomfort or restriction of movement. Coverage and Design:  Consider the design and coverage of the cooling coat. Ideally, it should provide adequate coverage over your dog's torso and areas prone to overheating, such as the chest and underbelly. Additionally, opt for a coat with reflective or light-colored materials to help reflect sunlight and heat, further enhancing its cooling properties. Durability and Ease of Maintenance:  Choose a cooling coat that is durable and easy to maintain. Look for coats that are machine washable or have removable cooling inserts for convenient cleaning. Additionally, ensure that the materials used are durable enough to withstand regular wear and tear, especially if your dog is active outdoors. User Reviews and Recommendations:  Before making a purchase, take the time to read user reviews and seek recommendations from other pet owners or professionals. Hearing about firsthand experiences can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and durability of different cooling coat options, helping you make an informed decision. By considering these factors and selecting a cooling coat that meets your dog's specific needs, you can ensure they stay comfortable and protected from overheating, reducing the risk of seizure triggers and promoting better overall health and well-being. Conclusion: Cooling Coats for Canine Epilepsy Cooling coats are an essential tool for managing canine epilepsy and preventing overheating, a common trigger for seizures in epileptic dogs. By keeping your dog cool and comfortable, you can reduce the risk of seizure activity and promote better overall health and well-being. Remember to use cooling coats whenever your dog is at risk of overheating, such as during outdoor activities or after vigorous exercise, to ensure they stay safe and seizure-free.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Better Seizure Control Epilepsy in dogs presents a significant challenge for pet owners, necessitating a multifaceted approach to management. While conventional medications are often the cornerstone of treatment, natural therapies can complement pharmacological interventions, offering potential benefits with fewer side effects. In this in-depth guide, we'll explore how to treat epilepsy in dogs naturally, drawing on scientific studies to support our recommendations. It important to note that you should always consult with your veterinarian before starting any adjunct therapies. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Canine epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures, affecting approximately 0.5-5.7% of the dog population. These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to transient episodes of altered consciousness, convulsions, and other manifestations. While genetic predisposition is a significant factor in many cases, other causes such as brain tumours, infections, and metabolic disorders can also contribute to epilepsy in dogs. The Role of Diet in Seizure Control: Evidence-Based Recommendations Dietary modification is a cornerstone of natural epilepsy management, with specific nutrients and dietary patterns demonstrating potential efficacy in reducing seizure frequency and severity. Research suggests that a ketogenic diet, characterised by high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein intake, may have anticonvulsant effects in dogs with epilepsy . A study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine found that dogs fed a ketogenic diet experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency compared to those on a conventional diet. The Best Diet for Canine Epilepsy: Evidence-Based Nutritional Guidelines Based on current evidence, the optimal diet for managing epilepsy in dogs should prioritise the following nutritional principles: Low Carbohydrates:  Carbohydrates can contribute to blood glucose fluctuations, potentially triggering seizures in susceptible dogs. A low-carbohydrate diet helps stabilise blood sugar levels, reducing seizure risk. Research published in BMC Veterinary Research indicates that dogs fed a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency compared to dogs on a high-carbohydrate diet. High-Quality Protein:  Adequate protein intake is essential for maintaining muscle mass and supporting overall health in epileptic dogs. Choose high-quality protein sources such as lean meats, fish, and eggs, as they provide essential amino acids necessary for neurological function. A study published in the Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics found that dogs supplemented with branched-chain amino acids experienced a reduction in seizure frequency and severity. Healthy Fats:  Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil and other sources, have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce seizure activity in epileptic dogs. A systematic review published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association concluded that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may be beneficial in managing epilepsy in dogs, although further research is needed to determine optimal dosing and efficacy. Antioxidants and Vitamins:  Antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C play a crucial role in neutralising free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which can contribute to seizure susceptibility. Multiple studies in humans and rats have suggested that these vitamins can have positive impacts on seizure frequency and intensity. Incorporate foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, into your dog's diet to support overall neurological health. Supplementation with MCT Oil:   Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil has gained attention as a natural treatment for epilepsy in dogs due to its ability to produce ketones, which serve as an alternative energy source for the brain. A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association demonstrated that dogs supplemented with MCT oil experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo-treated dogs. Exploring Omega-3 Oil and its Impact on Neurological Health Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in brain development and function. Several studies have investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on seizure control, with promising results in other species such as humans and rats; however, only 1 clinical trial has been preformed on dogs specifically. This trial was unable to conclude a benefit in seizure control from Omega-3 oil. Previous research indicates that subjects require 3 months of Omega-3 oil to see any change in seizure frequency and severity, which suggests that perhaps the canine trial was too short to draw conclusive results. Further research for Omega-3 and canine epilepsy should therefore focus on larger placebo-controlled trials of longer duration. In the meantime, the results in other species along with the other health benefits of omega-3 make it a good supplement to provide your dog. Managing Triggers and Stress: Evidence-Based Strategies Identifying and managing triggers is crucial for minimising seizure frequency and severity in dogs with epilepsy. Common triggers include stress, environmental factors, and changes in routine. Minimising stress through environmental enrichment, regular exercise, and positive reinforcement training can help reduce seizure susceptibility. A study published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior found that dogs with epilepsy experienced fewer seizures when exposed to a stress-reducing environment compared to a stressful environment. Additionally, maintaining a consistent routine and avoiding sudden changes can help stabilise your dog's neurological function and reduce the risk of seizures. By proactively managing triggers and stressors, pet owners can play a proactive role in epilepsy management and promote better seizure control and overall well-being in their canine companions. Conclusion: How to Treat Epilepsy in Dogs Naturally Natural treatment options for canine epilepsy offer promising avenues for improving seizure control and promoting overall neurological health. By adhering to evidence-based ketogenic dietary recommendations, incorporating targeted supplementation with MCT oil and vitamin deficiencies, and addressing lifestyle factors with environmental management, pet owners can optimise their dog's epilepsy management plan for better outcomes and enhanced quality of life. It's essential to consult with a veterinarian before implementing any natural treatment interventions, as individualised care and monitoring are crucial for optimising efficacy and safety. With a comprehensive approach that integrates natural therapies alongside conventional treatments, pet owners can empower themselves to effectively manage their dog's epilepsy and provide them with the best possible care and support. References: Chandler, Kate. "Canine epilepsy: what can we learn from human seizure disorders?." The Veterinary Journal  172.2 (2006): 207-217. Berk, Benjamin A., et al. "A multicenter randomized controlled trial of medium‐chain triglyceride dietary supplementation on epilepsy in dogs." Journal of veterinary internal medicine 34.3 (2020): 1248-1259. Law, Tsz Hong, et al. "A randomised trial of a medium-chain TAG diet as treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy." British Journal of Nutrition 114.9 (2015): 1438-1447. Patterson, Edward E. "Canine epilepsy: an underutilized model." ILAR journal 55.1 (2014): 182-186. Larsen, Jennifer A., Tammy J. Owens, and Andrea J. Fascetti. "Nutritional management of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 245.5 (2014): 504-508. Ogunmekan, A. O., and P. A. Hwang. "A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial of D‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E), as add‐on therapy, for epilepsy in children." Epilepsia 30.1 (1989): 84-89. Ambrogini, Patrizia, et al. "Excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidant stress as molecular bases of epileptogenesis and epilepsy-derived neurodegeneration: The role of vitamin E." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease 1865.6 (2019): 1098-1112. Sawicka-Glazer, Edyta, and Stanisław J. Czuczwar. "Vitamin C: a new auxiliary treatment of epilepsy?." Pharmacological reports 66 (2014): 529-533. Xavier, S. M., et al. "Vitamin C antioxidant effects in hippocampus of adult Wistar rats after seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine." Neuroscience letters 420.1 (2007): 76-79. Verdoodt, Fien, et al. "The role of nutrition in canine idiopathic epilepsy management: Fact or fiction?." The Veterinary Journal 290 (2022): 105917. Matthews, Helen, et al. "Effects of essential fatty acid supplementation in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: a clinical trial." The Veterinary Journal 191.3 (2012): 396-398. Packer, Rowena MA, Sarah L. Hobbs, and Emily J. Blackwell. "Behavioral interventions as an adjunctive treatment for canine epilepsy: a missing part of the epilepsy management toolkit?." Frontiers in veterinary science 6 (2019): 3. Amadei, Eleonora, et al. "The link between neurology and behavior in veterinary medicine: A review." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 46 (2021): 40-53.

Managing epilepsy in dogs requires careful attention to their diet, as certain foods and nutrients can impact seizure frequency and severity. Homemade meals provide an opportunity for pet owners to tailor their dog's nutrition to support overall health and minimize potential triggers. In this blog post, we'll explore a delicious recipe for homemade chicken, liver, and sweet potato stew, specifically designed for dogs with epilepsy. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Canine epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures, which can be influenced by various factors, including stress, diet, and environmental changes. While medication is often necessary for seizure control, dietary adjustments can play a significant role in managing epilepsy and promoting overall well-being. The Benefits of Homemade Food Homemade dog food offers several advantages for dogs with epilepsy, including greater control over ingredients and nutritional content. By preparing meals at home, pet owners can ensure their furry companions receive high-quality, wholesome ingredients that support optimal health and minimise potential seizure triggers. A Recipe for Dogs with Epilepsy: Homemade Chicken, Liver, and Sweet Potato Stew Ingredients: 450g boneless, skinless chicken breast, diced 225g chicken liver, diced 2 medium sweet potatoes, peeled and diced 150g frozen peas 150g frozen carrots 1-liter low-sodium chicken broth ( see our recipe here ) 15ml coconut oil (optional) 5ml dried curly parsley (optional) Instructions: In a large pot, heat the coconut oil over medium heat. Add the diced chicken breast and liver, and cook until browned and cooked through. Add the diced sweet potatoes to the pot and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally. Pour in the chicken broth and bring the mixture to a boil. Reduce the heat to low and let it simmer for 15-20 minutes, or until the sweet potatoes are tender. Stir in the frozen peas and carrots, then continue to simmer for an additional 5 minutes. Remove the pot from the heat and let the stew cool to room temperature before serving. Serve the homemade chicken, liver, and sweet potato stew to your dog in appropriate portion sizes, adjusting as needed based on their size and dietary requirements. Why This Recipe Works High-Quality Protein Sources:  Boneless, skinless chicken breast and chicken liver are excellent sources of lean protein, essential for muscle maintenance and overall health in dogs. Protein also provides essential amino acids necessary for neurological function and helps maintain stable blood sugar levels, crucial for dogs with epilepsy. Low-Glycemic Carbohydrates:  Sweet potatoes serve as a nutritious carbohydrate source in this recipe. Unlike high-glycemic carbohydrates that can cause blood sugar spikes and potentially trigger seizures, sweet potatoes have a lower glycemic index, providing sustained energy without dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Essential Nutrients from Vegetables:  Frozen peas and carrots are added to the stew to provide additional fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These vegetables contribute to overall digestive health, immune function, and antioxidant support, helping to maintain your dog's well-being and support their body's natural defence mechanisms. Balanced Nutritional Profile:  This homemade stew offers a well-balanced nutritional profile, providing essential macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for optimal health. The combination of protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, and vitamins and minerals ensures that your dog receives comprehensive nutrition to support their overall health and well-being. Palatable and Digestible:  Dogs with epilepsy may have specific dietary preferences or sensitivities, making homemade meals an appealing option. This stew is not only nutritious but also palatable and easily digestible, making it suitable for dogs with epilepsy who may have dietary restrictions or sensitivities. Control Over Ingredients:  By preparing meals at home, pet owners have control over the quality and sourcing of ingredients, ensuring that their dog receives high-quality, wholesome foods without unnecessary additives or preservatives. This allows for customization based on your dog's individual needs and preferences, ensuring they receive the best possible nutrition to support their health. Supports Overall Health:  The combination of high-quality protein, low-glycemic carbohydrates, essential nutrients from vegetables, and balanced nutrition promotes overall health and well-being in dogs with epilepsy. This homemade stew provides the essential building blocks for optimal health and supports your dog's body in functioning at its best despite their condition. Conclusion Homemade meals offer a nutritious and wholesome option for dogs with epilepsy, allowing pet owners to provide tailored diets that support seizure control and promote overall well-being. By preparing meals at home using simple, high-quality ingredients like chicken, liver, and sweet potatoes, pet owners can ensure their furry companions receive the nourishment they need to thrive despite their condition. As always, it's essential to consult with a veterinarian before making any significant changes to your dog's diet, especially if they have specific dietary requirements or health concerns. With proper care and attention to their nutritional needs, dogs with epilepsy can enjoy delicious and nutritious meals that support their health and happiness.

Dr. Natascha Hedegaard BVetMed MRCVS graduated as a veterinary surgeon from the Royal Veterinary College, London, in 2018. She is passionate about optimising canine health with a holistic approach to veterinary medicine and consideration for the individual patient. Being told your dog needs anti-epileptic medication can be a scary experience. However, understanding what to expect and how to support your pup through this process can make a world of difference. In this blog post, we'll guide you through the general expectations when your dog starts medications aiming to reduce seizure frequency and will offer insights, tips, and encouragement along the way. Please see the medication-specific posts for a more in depth look at potential side effects. Understanding Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) Epilepsy medication for dogs is designed to help control and manage the frequency and severity of seizures. These medications work by regulating the electrical activity in the brain to reduce the likelihood of seizures occurring. What to Expect when your Dog with Epilepsy Starts Medication Starting your dog on seizure medication can be a journey filled with ups and downs. Here's what you can expect along the way: Initial Adjustment Period: In the beginning, your veterinarian may start your dog on a low dose of medication and gradually increase it over time to achieve the desired effect. During this adjustment period, it's essential to monitor your dog closely for any changes in behavior or side effects. Monitoring: Your veterinarian will likely recommend regular check-ups and blood tests to monitor your dog's response to the medication and ensure their overall health. Be prepared to schedule follow-up appointments and communicate any concerns or observations with your veterinarian. Potential Side Effects: Like any medication, seizure medications can sometimes cause side effects in dogs. Common side effects may include drowsiness, wobbliness, increased thirst and urination, changes in appetite and gastrointestinal upset. While most side effects are mild and temporary, it's essential to report any concerning symptoms to your veterinarian. Patience and Persistence: Finding the right medication and dosage for your dog may take time and patience. We also aid you through Dogileptic to consider holistic lifestyle changes to aid your journey as for some patients, medication alone is not enough or sufficient doses aren't tolerated due to their side effects. With perseverance and dedication, many dogs with epilepsy can achieve good seizure control and enjoy a high quality of life. Final tips for Supporting Your Dog on Epilepsy Medication As you embark on this journey with your dog, here are some tips for providing the best possible care and support: Stick to a Consistent Routine: Establishing a consistent daily routine can help reduce stress and provide stability for your dog, which may help minimize seizure activity. Administer Medication as Directed: Follow your veterinarian's instructions carefully when administering medication to your dog. Be sure to give the medication at the prescribed times and doses to ensure its effectiveness. Monitor for Changes: Keep a close eye on your dog's behavior, appetite, and overall well-being. If you notice any changes or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for guidance. Stay Positive: Remember that you're not alone on this journey. Lean on our community and your veterinarian for support, and celebrate the small victories along the way. Conclusion: What to Expect During First Days on Epilepsy Medication for Dogs While starting your dog on seizure medication may feel overwhelming at first, with the right support and guidance, you can help your furry friend live a happy and fulfilling life. By staying informed, proactive, and patient, you can navigate this journey with confidence and provide the best possible care for your beloved companion.

If you have a dog struggling with canine epilepsy, you understand the challenges it brings. However, there's a natural remedy that might offer some relief and protect their livers from damage: milk thistle. In this article, we'll delve into how milk thistle can support dogs with epilepsy, its benefits, usage, dosage, and its role in promoting liver health. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Before we dive into the benefits of milk thistle, let's take a moment to understand canine epilepsy. Epilepsy in dogs is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures can vary in intensity and duration, affecting dogs of all breeds and ages. Managing epilepsy often involves medication, but complementary therapies like milk thistle can also play a significant role in supporting your dog's well-being. Benefits of Milk Thistle for Dogs with Epilepsy Milk thistle, scientifically known as Silybum marianum, has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments. It contains a compound called silymarin, which is believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For dogs with epilepsy, milk thistle can offer several potential benefits: Liver Support : The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing medications used to manage epilepsy. Milk thistle can help support liver function, ensuring medications are processed effectively and minimizing potential side effects. Antioxidant Action : Silymarin acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. This antioxidant action may help reduce inflammation in the brain, potentially decreasing the frequency or severity of seizures. Detoxification : Milk thistle supports the liver's detoxification processes, aiding in the removal of toxins from the body. By promoting detoxification, milk thistle may contribute to overall health and well-being in dogs with epilepsy. How to Use Milk Thistle Milk thistle is available in various forms, including capsules, tinctures, and powders. When choosing a product, opt for one specifically formulated for pets, ensuring it does not contain any harmful additives. Here's how to incorporate milk thistle into your dog's routine: Consult Your Veterinarian : Before starting any new supplement regimen, it's essential to consult with your veterinarian. They can provide personalized advice based on your dog's health status and medical history. Select the Right Form : Choose a milk thistle product designed for dogs and follow the manufacturer's instructions for dosing and administration. Gradually Introduce : Start with a low dose and gradually increase it over time. Monitor your dog for any adverse reactions, and adjust the dosage as needed. Consistency is Key : For maximum effectiveness, administer milk thistle consistently as part of your dog's daily routine. Dosage Guidelines The appropriate dosage of milk thistle for dogs can vary based on factors such as weight, health status, and individual response. As a general guideline, the recommended dosage is typically: Metric System Dosage Small Dogs (under 9 kg): 25-50 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Medium Dogs (9-23 kg): 50-100 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Large Dogs (over 23 kg): 100-200 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Imperial System Dosage Small Dogs (under 20 lbs): 25-50 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Medium Dogs (20-50 lbs): 50-100 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Large Dogs (over 50 lbs): 100-200 mg of milk thistle extract, once or twice daily. Always follow the dosage instructions provided on the product label, or as recommended by your veterinarian. Supporting Liver Function in Dogs with Seizures Liver health is particularly important for dogs with epilepsy, as medications used to manage seizures can put added stress on the liver. Milk thistle offers a natural way to support liver function, ensuring your dog's body can process medications effectively while maintaining overall health and well-being. In conclusion, milk thistle is a promising natural remedy for dogs with epilepsy, offering liver support, antioxidant benefits, and detoxification properties. By incorporating milk thistle into your dog's wellness routine under the guidance of your veterinarian, you can provide holistic support for their health and quality of life. References Jacobs, Bradly P., et al. "Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." The American journal of medicine 113.6 (2002): 506-515. Abenavoli, Ludovico, et al. "Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): A concise overview on its chemistry, pharmacological, and nutraceutical uses in liver diseases." Phytotherapy research 32.11 (2018): 2202-2213. Hackett, E. S., D. C. Twedt, and D. L. Gustafson. "Milk thistle and its derivative compounds: a review of opportunities for treatment of liver disease." Journal of veterinary internal medicine 27.1 (2013): 10-16. Tedesco, Doriana Eurosia Angela, and Alessandro Guerrini. "Use of milk thistle in farm and companion animals: A review." Planta Medica 89.06 (2023): 584-607. Gogulski, Maciej, et al. "Dietary supplements containing silymarin as a supportive factor in the treatment of canine hepatopathies." (2020): 700-708. Berk, Benjamin Andreas, et al. "Investigating owner use of dietary supplements in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy." Research in veterinary science 119 (2018): 276-284. Gutyj, B. V., et al. "The influence of the feed additive “Sylimevit” on the antioxidant protection of the body of dogs." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences 25.98 (2023): 118-124.

Paw injuries in dogs can be distressing, especially for epileptic dogs who may already have additional health considerations. As the warmer months draw near, paw injuries become more common, and understanding how to assess and care for these injuries is crucial to ensuring your dog's well-being. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve deeply into what to do if your epileptic dog gets a paw injury including thorough steps for assessment, veterinary treatments, supporting gut health during antibiotic use, wound care techniques, and the risks associated with stitches and general anaesthesia. The most important way you can advocate for your dog is to make sure your vet knows they have epilepsy. How to Know if Your Dog's Paw is Injured Thorough Examination : Begin by gently examining your dog's paw, paying close attention to each pad, the spaces between toes, and the nails. Look for signs of bleeding, swelling, tenderness, or visible wounds. Assessing Pain : Watch for signs of pain or discomfort, such as limping, favouring one paw, reluctance to put weight on the affected limb, or vocalisation when touching the paw. Identifying Foreign Objects : Check for any foreign objects, such as splinters, thorns, or debris, embedded in the paw pads or lodged between the toes. Wound Care and Keeping it Clean Regular Cleaning : Clean the wound gently with a saline solution or a veterinary-recommended antiseptic solution to remove dirt, debris, and bacteria. Use a clean gauze pad or cotton ball to apply the solution, taking care not to rub or irritate the wound. Dressing Changes : Change the wound dressing regularly, following your vet's instructions. Replace soiled or wet dressings promptly to prevent bacterial growth and promote healing. Preventing Infection : Monitor the wound closely for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, discharge, or foul odour. Contact your vet if you notice any concerning changes or if your dog exhibits signs of discomfort or pain. Veterinary Treatment for Paw Injuries Minor Wounds : Minor injuries, such as superficial cuts or abrasions, can often be managed at home. Allow the body's natural healing processes to take place with minimal intervention. Keep the wound clean and free from debris. Apply topical antiseptics or wound-healing ointments as recommended by your veterinarian. Monitor the wound closely for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge. Deep Wounds or Lacerations: Serious injuries, including deep cuts, puncture wounds, or torn paw pads, require prompt veterinary attention. Your vet may need to examine the wound under sedation to assess the extent of damage and determine the best course of treatment. The following treatment options are available. X-rays and Imaging : In cases of suspected fractures or foreign bodies in the wound, your vet may recommend X-rays or other imaging studies to evaluate internal structures and ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Ensuring Safe Medication Use When treating injuries in epileptic dogs, it's essential to select medications that do not interact with their existing epilepsy medication to avoid potential adverse effects or treatment complications. Here are some steps to ensure safe medication use: Consultation with Vet : Always consult with your veterinarian before administering any medications to your epileptic dog, including those for injuries. Inform them about your dog's epilepsy diagnosis and current medication regimen to help them make informed treatment decisions. Medication Review : Provide your vet with a comprehensive list of your dog's current medications, including epilepsy drugs and any supplements or over-the-counter medications they may be taking. This information will help your vet identify potential drug interactions and select safe treatment options for your dog's injury. Avoid Trigger Medications : Some medications commonly used to treat injuries, such as certain pain relievers or antibiotics, may interact with epilepsy medications and increase the risk of seizures. Work with your vet to identify alternative medications that are safe for your dog's specific condition and medical history. Monitor for Adverse Effects : Keep a close eye on your dog for any signs of adverse effects or changes in seizure activity after starting a new medication. Contact your vet immediately if you notice any concerning symptoms, such as increased seizure frequency or severity, unusual behaviour, or signs of medication toxicity. Can an Injury Trigger Seizures? Stress Response : Injury, whether physical or emotional, can trigger a stress response in dogs, leading to increased levels of cortisol and adrenaline. These stress hormones can lower the seizure threshold and increase the likelihood of seizure activity in epileptic dogs. Pain Response : Pain associated with injuries can also contribute to seizure occurrence in dogs with epilepsy. Pain signals may disrupt normal brain activity and trigger seizure events, especially in dogs with underlying neurological sensitivities. Environmental Factors : Environmental changes or disruptions caused by injury, such as changes in routine, environment, or sensory stimuli, can also trigger seizures in susceptible dogs. How to Reduce the Risk of Triggering A Seizure Create a Calm Environment : Provide a quiet and comfortable space for your dog to rest and recover. Minimise exposure to loud noises, bright lights, or other stressors that may trigger seizures. Maintain Routine : Stick to your dog's regular feeding, walking, and medication schedule as much as possible. Consistency can help reduce anxiety and provide a sense of stability during the recovery period. Use Gentle Handling Techniques : Handle your dog with care, avoiding excessive restraint or rough handling that may cause discomfort or stress. Speak to your dog in a soothing voice and use positive reinforcement to encourage calm behaviour. Provide Comfort Items : Offer soft bedding or blankets for your dog to rest on. Provide favourite toys or comforting items that your dog enjoys to help alleviate stress and provide distraction. Monitor Interactions with Other Pets : Supervise interactions with other pets to prevent rough play or accidental injuries that may exacerbate stress or trigger seizures. Implement Relaxation Techniques : Practice gentle massage or relaxation exercises to help your dog relax and unwind. Consider using aromatherapy or calming pheromone products designed for dogs to promote a sense of calmness. Conclusion: What to Do if Your Epileptic Dog Gets a Paw Injury In conclusion, managing injuries in epileptic dogs requires careful consideration of their unique medical needs and potential seizure triggers. By understanding the relationship between injury and epilepsy, selecting safe medications, and closely monitoring your dog's response to treatment, you can help ensure their safety and well-being during the recovery process.

Dr. Natascha Hedegaard BVetMed MRCVS graduated as a veterinary surgeon from the Royal Veterinary College, London, in 2018. She is passionate about optimising canine health with a holistic approach to veterinary medicine and consideration for the individual patient .She is currently undertaking her Postgraduate Certificate in Small Animal Medicine with an aim to becoming an Advanced Practitioner. As pet parents, ensuring the well-being of our furry companions is our top priority, especially when managing conditions like epilepsy. If your dog has been prescribed levetiracetam for seizures, monitoring their response to the medication is crucial for their health and comfort. In this blog post, we'll explore what to expect when monitoring your dog on levetiracetam and provide helpful tips to make the process smoother for both you and your beloved pup. Understanding Levetiracetam Levetiracetam, often sold under the brand name Keppra, is a commonly prescribed anticonvulsant medication used to manage seizures in dogs. It is generally well tolerated, and side effects are rare. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, helping to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Why Monitoring Matters Monitoring your dog's response to levetiracetam is essential for several reasons: Assessing Effectiveness: Regular monitoring allows you and your veterinarian to evaluate how well levetiracetam is controlling your dog's seizures. Adjusting Dosage: Monitoring helps determine if adjustments to the medication dosage are needed to achieve optimal seizure control. Detecting Side Effects: Keeping a close watch on your dog's health enables early detection of any potential side effects or adverse reactions to levetiracetam. What to Expect Here's what you can expect when monitoring your dog on levetiracetam: Initial Adjustment Period: Your veterinarian may start your dog on a low dose of levetiracetam and gradually increase it to find the optimal dosage for seizure control. During this adjustment period, your dog may experience mild side effects such as drowsiness or gastrointestinal upset, which typically resolve within a few days. Regular Veterinary Check-Ups: Your veterinarian will likely recommend periodic check-ups to assess your dog's overall health and monitor their response to levetiracetam. Be sure to attend these appointments and communicate any concerns or observations with your veterinarian. Blood Tests: In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend blood tests to monitor your pet's health while on Levetiracetam. These tests help ensure that your dog is tolerating their appropriate dosage and that they have no comorbidities such as kidney disease. Most veterinarians are likely to recommend these every 6-12 months while receiving chronic medication. Tips for Monitoring Your Dog Here are some tips to help you effectively monitor your dog on levetiracetam: Stay Consistent: Administer levetiracetam at the same times each day, as directed by your veterinarian. Consistency is key to maintaining steady blood levels of the medication. Watch for Side Effects: Keep an eye out for any signs of side effects or changes in your dog's behavior, such as lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea, or loss of appetite. If you notice any concerning symptoms, contact your veterinarian promptly. Communicate with Your Veterinarian: Maintain open communication with your veterinarian throughout the monitoring process. They can provide guidance, answer your questions, and make adjustments to the treatment plan as needed. Conclusion: Monitoring your dog on Levetiracetam Monitoring your dog on levetiracetam is crucial for ensuring their health and well-being while managing seizures. By staying informed, observant, and proactive, you can help your furry friend enjoy a happy and comfortable life with effective seizure control. Remember, your veterinarian is there to support you every step of the way. Don't hesitate to reach out to them for guidance and assistance whenever needed.

Epilepsy in dogs, also known as canine epilepsy, can be a stressful condition for both pets and their owners to manage. However, multiple studies have cited how reducing stress can help seizure management in dogs. While seizures are the most visible aspect of the disorder, there are often other side effects that follow, including increased anxiety and behavioural challenges. Recent research has shed light on the significant role that stress can play in triggering seizures in epileptic dogs, with the potential for stress-reducing interventions to offer an adjunct therapy for epilepsy management and seizure reduction in dogs. Dog Stress Levels and Seizures: A Vicious Cycle Stress and seizures in dogs with epilepsy can often create a vicious cycle. Every dog is different, however, some examples of times a dog might experience stress include changes in their environment, loud noises, or separation anxiety. When a dog experiences stress their cortisol levels rise, triggering a cascade of physiological responses. These stress-induced changes in the body can lower the seizure threshold, making it more likely for a seizure to occur. In turn, R.M.A. Packer et al. (2017) demonstrated that seizures themselves are stressful for dogs and their owners, elevating the cortisol levels significantly for both dogs and owners. Thus, stress and seizures can, unfortunately, become a vicious cycle, perpetuating one another. Stress Reduction and Behavioural Therapies in Humans: A Promising Adjunct Treatment In the world of human medicine, behavioural therapies have long been recognised as valuable adjunct treatments for epilepsy. Techniques such as relaxation training, cognitive-behavioural therapy, yoga, and stress management have all been shown to reduce seizure frequency and improve overall quality of life for individuals with epilepsy across a multitude of different studies (check out the references section for more info). This research is especially important given the high prevalence of drug-resistance for epilepsy in both dogs and humans alike. The low risk and low price-point of stress reduction therapies as an adjunct treatment plan for epilepsy makes this research even more important. The similarities between humans and dogs, especially in relation to the presentation and treatment of epilepsy, has inspired researchers to explore similar behavioural interventions for dogs with epilepsy. Breaking the Cycle: How to Reduce Your Dog's Stress Levels As responsible pet owners, there are steps we can take to help reduce our dog's stress levels and minimise the risk of seizures: Maintain a Stable Environment : Dogs thrive on routine and consistency. Stick to a regular schedule for feeding, walks, and playtime to help your dog feel safe and secure. Provide Plenty of Mental Stimulation : Boredom and lack of mental stimulation can contribute to stress and anxiety in dogs. Keep your pup's mind engaged with puzzle toys, interactive games, licking mats and training sessions. Create Safe Spaces : Give your dog a quiet, comfortable retreat where they can relax and unwind when they're feeling stressed. This could be a cosy bed in a quiet corner of the house or a designated "safe zone" where they can escape from noisy or chaotic environments. Avoid Punishment-based Training:  Use positive reinforcement techniques that focus on rewarding desired behaviours. These techniques promote a supportive and nurturing environment that fosters trust, confidence, and emotional well-being in our dogs, in turn reducing stress levels. Dietary Intervention:  there have been a few exciting studies on gut-microbiome and stress reduction in dogs, rats, and humans. Consider switching your dog to a Keto diet and providing a supplement of probiotics containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Identify and Avoid Triggers:  Develop methods to reliably identify seizure triggers (many of which might be stress related) so that you can avoid them. Alternatively, you can employ behavioural therapy to systematically desensitise your dog to these stimuli using controlled exposure under the guidance of a clinical animal behaviourist. Consider Behavioural Therapy : Working with a qualified animal behaviourist or trainer can provide valuable insights and techniques for managing your dog's stress and reducing the frequency of seizures. Techniques such as desensitisation and counter-conditioning can help your dog learn to cope with stressful situations more effectively. Conclusion: Can Stress Cause Seizures in Dogs? So can stress cause seizures in dogs? The answer is yes; however, reducing stress can help manage seizures in dogs. By taking proactive steps to reduce stress and anxiety in our canine companions, we can help improve their overall quality of life and minimise the impact of epilepsy on their well-being. References Packer, Rowena MA, Sarah L. Hobbs, and Emily J. Blackwell. "Behavioral interventions as an adjunctive treatment for canine epilepsy: a missing part of the epilepsy management toolkit?."  Frontiers in veterinary science  6 (2019): 3. Packer, R. M. A., H. A. Volk, and R. C. Fowkes. "Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers."  Physiology & Behavior  177 (2017): 27-33. Forsgård, Johanna A., et al. "Seizure‐precipitating factors in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy."  Journal of veterinary internal medicine  33.2 (2019): 701-707. Fenwick P. The relationship between mind, brain, and seizures.  Epilepsia  (1992) 33:1–6. Packer RMA, McGreevy PD, Pergande A, Volk HA. Negative effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on the trainability of dogs with naturally occurring idiopathic epilepsy.  Appl Anim Behav Sci.  (2018) 200:106–13. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.008 Reiter J, Andrews D, Janis C.  Taking Control of Your Epilepsy2. A Workbook for Patients and Professionals.  Santa-Rosa, CA: The Basic Publishing Company (1987). Spector S, Tranah A, Cull C, Goldstein LH. Reduction in seizure frequency following a short-term group intervention for adults with epilepsy.  Seizure  (1999) 8:297–303. doi: 10.1053/seiz.1999.0292 Nagai Y, Goldstein LH, P.Fenwick BC, Trimble MR. Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: a preliminary randomized controlled study.  Epilepsy Behav.  (2004) 5:216–23. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003 Lundgren T, Dahl J, Yardi N, Melin L. Acceptance and commitment therapy and yoga for drug-refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial.  Epilepsy Behav.  (2008) 13:102–8. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.02.009 Sathyaprabha TN, Satishchandra P, Pradhan C, Sinha S, Kaveri B, Thennarasu K, et al. Modulation of cardiac autonomic balance with adjuvant yoga therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy.  Epilepsy Behav.  (2008) 12:245–52. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.09.006 Puskarich CA, Whitman S, Dell J, Hughes JR, Rosen AJ, Hermann BP. Controlled examination of effects of progressive relaxation training on seizure reduction.  Epilepsia  (1992) 33:675–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02346.x Medel‐Matus, Jesús‐Servando, et al. "Facilitation of kindling epileptogenesis by chronic stress may be mediated by intestinal microbiome."  Epilepsia Open  3.2 (2018): 290-294.