When faced with the challenge of managing a dog with seizures, understanding diagnostic options like MRI and spinal tap is important. This personal decision depends very much on your insurance status and ability to finance the cost. While it is recommended that most dogs showing neurological symptoms undergo these diagnostic tests, some people choose not to. In this article, you will find information on what the tests involve in order to make an informed decision. What is an MRI and Spinal Tap? MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. Why Are They Used to Diagnose Epilepsy in Dogs? Canine epilepsy can have various underlying causes, including structural abnormalities or inflammation in the brain or spinal cord. MRI and spinal tap are valuable tools for identifying such issues, aiding in the diagnosis of epilepsy and guiding treatment decisions. How Are They Used to Diagnose Epilepsy in Dogs? During an MRI, your dog will be placed under sedation to ensure they remain still while images are taken. The procedure allows veterinarians to examine the brain for abnormalities such as tumours, cysts, or malformations which might be causing seizures. A spinal tap involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid to check for signs of inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities. Is It Necessary for Your Dog? Determining whether an MRI and spinal tap are necessary depends on various factors, including your dog's medical history, clinical signs, and response to initial treatments. Your veterinarian will consider these factors and discuss the potential benefits and risks with you before recommending these procedures. Symptoms Prompting MRI and Spinal Tap in Dogs with Epilepsy Certain symptoms may prompt your veterinarian to recommend more extensive diagnostic tests like MRI and spinal tap. These symptoms include: Recurrent Seizures : Dogs experiencing recurrent seizures, especially those that are difficult to control with medication, may require further investigation to identify the underlying cause. Onset of Seizures at a Young Age : If your dog develops seizures at a young age, particularly before reaching two years old, it may indicate an underlying structural or genetic abnormality that warrants closer examination. Change in Seizure Frequency or Severity : A sudden increase in seizure frequency or severity, or a change in the nature of seizures (e.g., clustering, status epilepticus), may indicate an underlying progression of the condition that requires thorough evaluation. Focal Neurological Signs : Dogs exhibiting focal neurological signs such as weakness, paralysis, abnormal eye movements, or altered consciousness between seizures may suggest the presence of a focal brain lesion that requires imaging for further assessment. Abnormal Behaviour or Mentation : Persistent abnormal behaviour or altered mentation, including changes in personality, cognition, or responsiveness, may indicate underlying brain pathology that warrants investigation. History of Head Trauma or Neurological Disease : Dogs with a history of head trauma or pre-existing neurological conditions may be at higher risk of developing epilepsy secondary to structural abnormalities, making diagnostic imaging essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Presence of Other Clinical Signs : Additional clinical signs such as vestibular signs, head tilt, circling, or abnormal gait may indicate specific brain lesions or inflammatory conditions that require detailed imaging for accurate diagnosis. When presented with a dog exhibiting these symptoms, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination and medical history review to assess the need for further diagnostic testing. Based on their findings and clinical judgement, they may recommend MRI and spinal tap. Percentage of Epilepsy Cases with MRI & Spinal Tap Findings While there is no clear data about what percentage of epilepsy is caused by findings revealed in an MRI & spinal tap in dogs, there is for humans, which can be used as a rough guide. In humans, 75% per cent of epilepsy is primary (idiopathic: cause unknown); 25% is secondary to another CNS disorder (which can be revealed by diagnostic tests). How Vets Use Them to Determine the Care Plan Once veterinarians obtain results from MRI and spinal tap, they can gain valuable insights into the underlying cause of your dog's epilepsy. For instance, if a brain tumour is detected, treatment options may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the tumour's type, location, and size. On the other hand, if idiopathic epilepsy is diagnosed, which means there's no identifiable cause, treatment typically focuses on managing seizures through anti-epileptic medications. By tailoring a comprehensive care plan based on the specific diagnosis, veterinarians aim to provide the best possible outcome for your furry friend. Considerations: Cost and Risks Considering the financial implications of diagnostic procedures like MRI and spinal tap is essential. These tests can be expensive, and not all pet owners may have the means to afford them. Additionally, while both procedures are generally safe, there are inherent risks associated with anaesthesia and invasive techniques. Financing the Procedure Without Insurance For pet owners without insurance, financing diagnostic procedures like MRI and spinal tap can feel overwhelming. However, several options may help alleviate the financial burden: Payment Plans : Many veterinary clinics offer payment plans, allowing you to spread the cost of the procedure over several months. Discuss payment options with your veterinarian to find a plan that suits your budget. CareCredit : CareCredit is a healthcare credit card that can be used for veterinary expenses. It offers special financing options, including interest-free periods, making it easier to manage the cost of diagnostic procedures. Crowdfunding : Platforms like GoFundMe or YouCaring allow you to raise funds for your pet's medical expenses. Share your story with friends, family, and online communities to garner support. Veterinary Assistance Programs : Some charitable organisations and veterinary clinics offer financial assistance to pet owners in need. Research local resources or inquire with your veterinarian about available assistance programs. Find an Insurer who will Cover Preexisting Conditions: In both the UK and the US, there are pet insurers that offer coverage for pre-existing conditions, albeit with certain limitations and conditions. While it can be challenging to find insurers willing to cover pre-existing conditions, some companies may offer plans that include this coverage, typically at higher premiums. Exploring Alternative Care Options If MRI and spinal tap are not feasible options for your dog, there are alternative approaches to managing epilepsy. Your veterinarian may recommend starting with less invasive diagnostic tests, such as bloodwork and neurological examinations, and exploring treatment options such as anti-epileptic medications and dietary supplements. Conclusion: How to Decide Whether to Do an MRI and Spinal Tap for Your Epileptic Dog Deciding whether to pursue an MRI and spinal tap for your epileptic dog requires careful consideration of various factors, including your dog's individual needs, financial constraints, and treatment goals. By working closely with your veterinarian and weighing the potential benefits and risks, you can make informed decisions to support your dog's health and well-being.

What is Melatonin? Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's circadian rhythms, which govern the sleep-wake cycle and other biological processes. But can melatonin help manage seizures in epileptic dogs? Melatonin has also been found to possess potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, making it an intriguing potential therapeutic agent for various neurological conditions, including epilepsy. Melatonin's Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects According to research, melatonin has been shown to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system. During a seizure, the brain experiences oxidative stress and inflammation, which can contribute to neuronal damage. Melatonin's ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation may help protect the brain and potentially reduce the severity or frequency of seizures. Additionally, melatonin has been found to modulate neurotransmitter systems involved in seizure generation and propagation, such as GABA and glutamate. By regulating these neurotransmitters, melatonin may help stabilise neuronal excitability and prevent seizure activity. Research on Melatonin and Seizure Management While research on the use of melatonin for seizure management in dogs is still limited, several studies have explored its potential benefits in both animal models and human patients. Animal Studies In a study by Yildirim et al., intraventricular administration of melatonin in rats with penicillin-induced epilepsy resulted in a significant dose-related reduction in seizure frequency compared to the control group. Similar findings were reported by Mevissen and Ebert, who demonstrated that melatonin increased the electroconvulsive threshold and suppressed generalised seizures in an amygdala stimulation model. Human Studies In a review by Jain and Besag, the authors analysed 26 previously published studies on the relationship between melatonin and epileptic seizures. While the results were mixed, most studies suggested a possible link between melatonin supplementation and a reduction in seizure frequency or severity. One study by Molina-Carballo et al. found that serum melatonin levels increased significantly during seizures in children with convulsive epilepsy and febrile seizures. This led to the hypothesis that the body may stimulate melatonin production as a response to abnormal brain activity during seizures. Potential Benefits and Considerations In addition to its potential anti-seizure effects, melatonin may offer other benefits for dogs with epilepsy, such as improved sleep quality and regulation of circadian rhythms. There is also some research that suggests melatonin can work in the management of anxiety and other behavioural challenges. However, it's important to note that melatonin should not be used as a sole treatment for canine epilepsy and should be considered as a complementary therapy alongside prescribed anti-seizure medications and under the guidance of a veterinarian. Potential Reactions Melatonin is often used as a supplement to help dogs with anxiety, sleep disorders, and certain medical conditions, but it can have some negative effects. Drowsiness:  One of the most common side effects, as melatonin can cause excessive sleepiness or lethargy, especially if given in higher doses. Digestive Issues:  Some dogs may experience gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach cramps. Hormonal Imbalances:  Melatonin can affect hormone levels. It may interfere with reproductive hormones, potentially affecting breeding dogs or dogs with hormonal disorders. Changes in Blood Sugar:  Melatonin can affect insulin and blood sugar levels, making it risky for diabetic dogs. Increased Heart Rate:  In some cases, melatonin can cause an increased heart rate or palpitations. Allergic Reactions:  Though rare, some dogs might have an allergic reaction to melatonin, leading to symptoms like itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Interactions with Other Medications:  Melatonin can interact with other medications, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, and can either amplify or reduce their effectiveness. Consulting with Your Veterinarian If you're considering introducing melatonin to your dog's treatment plan, it's crucial to consult with your veterinarian first. They can evaluate your dog's specific condition, discuss potential risks and benefits, and provide guidance on appropriate dosages and administration. It's also important to remember that melatonin, like any supplement or medication, may interact with other drugs or have side effects. Your veterinarian can help monitor your dog's response and make any necessary adjustments to ensure their safety and well-being. Conclusion: Can Melatonin Help Manage Seizures in Epileptic Dogs? While more research is needed to fully understand the role of melatonin in managing canine epilepsy, this natural supplement may offer a promising complementary approach for some dogs. By working closely with your veterinarian and exploring all available treatment options, you can help improve your dog's quality of life and provide them with the best possible care. References Vasileva, Z. (2021). Melatonin and epilepsy. Folia Medica, 63(6), 827-833. Yildirim, M., & Marangoz, C. (2004). Anticonvulsant effects of melatonin on epileptiform activity in rats with kainic acid-induced epilepsy. Neurological Sciences, 25(6), 337-342. Mevissen, M., & Ebert, U. (1998). Anticonvulsant effects of melatonin in amygdala-kindled rats. Neuroscience Letters, 257(1), 13-16. Jain, S. V., & Besag, F. M. (2013). Does melatonin affect epileptic seizures?. Drug Safety, 36(4), 281-286. Molina-Carballo, A., et al. (2007). Melatonin's role in mediating seizures described in the Bible. Revista de Neurologia, 45(7), 410-414. Landsberg, G. M. (2014, May). Principles of pharmacologic and natural treatment for behavioral problems. Merck Manual Veterinary Manual: Professional Version., Retrieved October 16, 2022, fromhttps:// www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/behavioral-medicine-introduction/principles-of-pharmacologic-and-natural-treatment-for-behavioral-problems

When it comes to keeping our dogs calm during stressful situations, many of us have heard about Thundershirts. But what exactly are they, how do they work, and how can they help our dogs in times of stress? Let’s delve into the science behind these anxiety-reducing garments and how they can benefit your dog. Understanding Thundershirts Thundershirts are snug-fitting vests designed to apply gentle, constant pressure to a dog's body, much like swaddling an infant. This comforting pressure helps to soothe dogs experiencing anxiety, fear, or stress during events such as thunderstorms, fireworks, or separation from their owners. Thundershirts are known by many names including: Anxiety Wraps Calming Vests Pressure Vests Comfort Coats Anti-Anxiety Jackets Stress Relief Vests Compression Shirts Relaxation Wraps The Ancient Practice of Swaddling Swaddling, also known historically as "caudling," is the practice of wrapping infants tightly in blankets or cloths to provide a sense of security and warmth. This method has been used for centuries across various cultures to soothe and calm babies, helping them sleep better and cry less. The snug wrapping mimics the comforting pressure felt in the womb, which can help regulate an infant's nervous system. Deep Pressure Therapy (DPT) and Its Applications The principle behind swaddling is a form of Deep Pressure Therapy (DPT), which involves applying firm but gentle pressure to the body. DPT has been extensively studied and used in various therapeutic contexts for humans, including: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) : DPT has been shown to reduce anxiety and improve focus in individuals with ASD. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) : It helps in calming hyperactivity and improving concentration. General Anxiety and Stress : DPT is used to release calming hormones such as oxytocin and endorphins while reducing cortisol, the stress hormone. From Humans to Dogs: The Connection Thundershirts leverage the same principles of DPT and swaddling to provide comfort and reduce anxiety in dogs. By applying gentle, consistent pressure, Thundershirts mimic the soothing effects of swaddling, helping to calm dogs during stressful situations. The Science Behind Thundershirts The gentle, constant pressure exerted by the Thundershirt is believed to stimulate the release of calming hormones such as oxytocin and endorphins, while simultaneously reducing the production of stress hormones like cortisol. This physiological response helps dogs feel more secure and relaxed during stressful situations. The Effectiveness of Pressure Vests in Reducing Anxiety in Dogs Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of pressure vests like Thundershirts in reducing anxiety-related behaviors and physiological responses in dogs. King et al. (2014)  found that dogs diagnosed with anxiety disorders who wore a properly fitted Thundershirt showed significantly less increase in average heart rate compared to control groups when left alone in a kennel. However, there were no statistically significant differences in most behavioral outcomes, except that control group dogs were more likely to orient towards the door. Pekkin et al. (2016)  tested the effects of deep pressure vests (around 10-12 mmHg) and light pressure vests (2-3 mmHg) on noise-phobic dogs exposed to loud noises. The deep pressure vest reduced the time dogs spent lying down during the noise interval, which correlated with lower salivary cortisol levels, indicating reduced stress. Both vest types increased the time dogs spent near their owners during noise exposure, suggesting they may facilitate seeking owner support. In an open-label trial by Cottam et al. (2013) , 89% of owners reported that the Anxiety Wrap was at least partially effective in treating their dogs' thunderstorm phobia after five uses. The mean thunderstorm anxiety score was 47% lower after using the Anxiety Wrap compared to before. Physiological Effects While the behavioural effects of pressure vests are mixed, some studies have found physiological changes suggesting reduced anxiety: King et al. (2014)  reported that dogs wearing a properly fitted Thundershirt had significantly less increase in average heart rate compared to control groups. Pekkin et al. (2016)  found that the time spent near the owner while wearing the deep pressure vest during the recovery period correlated positively with urine oxytocin levels. Oxytocin is a hormone associated with social bonding and stress reduction, suggesting the vest may facilitate seeking owner support and reduce acute stress reactions. Limitations and Considerations It's important to note that many of the positive effects reported in these studies were based on subjective assessments by owners or unblinded observers. Additionally, some studies had small sample sizes or methodological limitations. Pressure vests should not be considered a standalone treatment for severe anxiety disorders in dogs. They may be most effective when used in conjunction with other interventions, such as behavior modification techniques, environmental management, and, in some cases, medication prescribed by a veterinarian. More rigorous, blinded studies with larger sample sizes are needed to fully understand their effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms involved. Alternatives to Thundershirts If you don't have access to a Thundershirt, there are a few DIY alternatives you can try: Snug-Fitting T-Shirt:  You can use a snug-fitting t-shirt to provide a similar effect. Ensure it's tight enough to apply pressure but not so tight that it restricts breathing or movement. Stretchy Bandage Wrap:  Wrapping a stretchy bandage around your dog's torso can also offer some relief. Be careful not to make it too tight, as this can cause discomfort and breathing issues. However, these alternatives may not provide the same consistent pressure and comfort as a Thundershirt specifically designed for this purpose. Assessing the Effectiveness of Thundershirts To determine if a Thundershirt is effective for your dog, observe their behaviour before and after wearing it during a stressful event. Signs that it’s working include reduced panting, trembling, pacing, and whining. Some dogs might even become more relaxed and sleepy while wearing the Thundershirt. Ideal Situations for Using Thundershirts Thundershirts can be beneficial in various anxiety-inducing situations for dogs, such as: Thunderstorms and fireworks Separation anxiety when left alone Vet visits or grooming appointments Travel or car rides Introducing new people or animals into the home Introduce the Thundershirt gradually, pairing it with positive experiences to ensure your dog doesn’t develop a negative association with the garment. Helping Dogs with Epilepsy For dogs with epilepsy, Thundershirts can be particularly useful in managing seizure-related anxiety and stress. The consistent pressure provided by the garment can help calm and soothe dogs before, during, and after seizure episodes. By reducing stress levels, Thundershirts might even help decrease the frequency and severity of seizures in some cases. It’s important to note that Thundershirts should not replace prescribed medication or veterinary treatment for epilepsy. However, they can be a valuable complementary tool in managing the condition and improving the overall well-being of dogs with seizures. Conclusion: Can Thundershirts ease Anxiety for Dogs With Epilepsy? Thundershirts offer a simple yet effective way to help dogs cope with anxiety and stress. Whether it’s a thunderstorm, a trip to the vet, or managing epilepsy-related anxiety, these snug-fitting vests can provide much-needed relief. Always consult with your veterinarian for the best approach to managing your dog’s anxiety or epilepsy, and consider integrating a Thundershirt into their care routine.

As dog owners, we all love to let our dogs know they are good boys and girls- and treats are the perfect way to do it. However, not all treats are created equal, and we want to pick one that supports the best diet for dogs with epilepsy. Many commercial dog treats contain unhealthy ingredients that can harm your dog's health over time. So, let's explore some healthy treat alternatives for dogs that not only taste great but also support their overall health and longevity. Why Choose Healthy Treats? Choosing healthy treats for your dog is one of the best ways to ensure they live a long, healthy, and happy life. Healthy treats provide essential nutrients that can improve your dog's overall well-being. Feeding the right treats makes sure that you avoid overfeeding and obesity, one of the highest risk factors for disease. They are also especially important for dogs with health conditions like Canine Epilepsy. By avoiding artificial additives and unhealthy fillers, you can help manage your dog's condition better. 100% Protein Treats High-protein treats such as dried chicken, beef, or fish are ideal for dogs. They provide essential amino acids that support muscle development and repair. Protein treats are particularly beneficial for dogs with epilepsy, as a high-protein diet can help stabilise blood sugar levels and provide steady energy. Frozen Carrots Frozen carrots are a fantastic treat for dogs. They are low in calories and high in vitamins and fibre, making them an excellent choice for weight management and digestion. The crunchiness of frozen carrots also helps keep your dog's teeth clean, reducing the risk of dental issues. Blueberries Blueberries are a superfood for humans and dogs alike. Packed with antioxidants, fibre, and vitamins C and K, blueberries can help boost your dog's immune system and support brain health. For dogs with epilepsy, the antioxidants in blueberries can help reduce oxidative stress, which may help manage seizure activity. Sprats Sprats are small fish that are excellent for brain health. They are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for cognitive function and can help reduce inflammation. Including sprats in your dog's diet can support brain health and improve neurological function, which is particularly beneficial for dogs with epilepsy. Other Healthy Treat Options Pumpkin : Rich in fibre and vitamins, pumpkin is great for digestion and can help regulate your dog's bowel movements. Apple Slices : Apples are a good source of vitamins A and C. Just be sure to remove the seeds and core, as they can be harmful. Green Beans : Low in calories and high in fibre, green beans are excellent for weight management and provide essential vitamins and minerals. Sweet Potatoes : A great source of fibre, vitamins, and antioxidants, sweet potatoes support digestive health and provide long-lasting energy. How Healthy Treats Aid Health and Longevity Incorporating healthy treats into your dog's diet can have numerous benefits: Improved Digestion : High-fibre treats like carrots and pumpkin support digestive health and can help prevent constipation and other gastrointestinal issues. Enhanced Immune System : Antioxidant-rich treats like blueberries boost the immune system, helping your dog fight off illnesses. Better Weight Management : Low-calorie treats such as green beans help maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of obesity-related health problems. Dental Health : Crunchy treats like frozen carrots can help clean your dog's teeth and prevent dental diseases. Brain Health : Omega-3-rich treats like sprats support brain function and reduce inflammation, which is especially beneficial for dogs with epilepsy. Conclusion: Healthy Treats: The Best Diet for Dogs With Epilepsy Healthy treat alternatives for dogs are a smart choice for any pet owner who wants to support their dog's health and longevity. Whether your dog has special health needs like Canine Epilepsy or you simply want to provide the best nutrition, opting for natural, nutrient-rich treats is always a good idea. Remember, a healthy dog is a happy dog!

Today, we're discussing an important topic that affects the health and well-being of our epileptic dogs: toxins in commercial dog foods containing grains like corn, wheat, or rice. Understanding what goes into your dog's food is crucial, especially if your dog has specific health conditions like Canine Epilepsy. Why Commercial Dog Foods Can Be Toxic Commercial dog foods often contain ingredients that can be harmful to our dogs over time. These foods are designed for convenience and shelf-life, not necessarily for optimal nutrition. Many of these foods contain harmful substances like mycotoxins, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. These toxins can accumulate in your dog's body, leading to various health issues, including exacerbating conditions like Epilepsy in Dogs. Mycotoxins: Hidden Dangers in Grain Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by certain types of mould found in grains commonly used in dog food, such as corn, wheat, and rice. These toxins can contaminate the food during growth, harvest, or storage. Mycotoxins persist once they've been formed by moulds. They cannot be killed and are very heat-stable, meaning pet food processes will not kill them. Pet food companies are currently not required to test finished products for mycotoxins. In one US study, nine out of twelve dog foods tested were positive for at least one mycotoxin. Six classes of mycotoxins most frequently affect common pet food ingredients: aflatoxin, DON, fumonisin, ochratoxin, type A tricothecenes (T-2 and HT-2) and zearalenone. Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, are known carcinogens and can cause liver damage and immune suppression in dogs. DON can cause immune suppression, gut dysfunction, and deformed red blood cells. Studies have shown that chronic exposure to low levels of mycotoxins can have cumulative effects, leading to long-term health problems. Impact on Dogs with Epilepsy:   There is no research directly linking mycotoxins to epilepsy in dogs, but it has been shown that mycotoxins released by certain moulds have the potential to directly damage the central nervous system (CNS), leading to neuropathy (nerve damage), tremors, dizziness, coordination problems, and even seizures in severe cases Dogs with epilepsy are particularly vulnerable because their neurological system is already compromised, so avoiding these harmful chemicals can only be a good thing! Pesticides, Herbicides, and Fungicides Commercial crops used in dog food are often heavily treated with pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides to ensure higher yields and longer shelf life. Unfortunately, these chemicals don't just disappear; they can end up in your dog's food. Pesticides like glyphosate (used in Roundup), herbicides, and fungicides are widely used in agriculture. Glyphosate (a type of organophosphate), in particular, has been linked to various health issues, including endocrine disruption, potential carcinogenic effects and neurological damage. Studies have shown that glyphosate residues can persist in food products, leading to chronic exposure. Impact on Dogs with Epilepsy:  The problem is that our dogs tend to eat the same meals daily, so they are exposed to low levels over a very long period. Consuming these chemicals regularly can lead to a build-up in your dog's system. Pesticides such as organophosphates have been shown to cause neurotoxicity, potentially leading to increased seizure activity in dogs with pre-existing conditions like epilepsy. What Can You Do? To protect your dog's health, consider these steps: Read Labels : Look for dog foods that use high-quality, organic ingredients and avoid those with grains and a long list of artificial additives. Go Natural : Opt for natural, whole foods for your dog whenever possible. Fresh meats, vegetables, and fruits can provide better nutrition without the added toxins. Consult Your Vet : Talk to your veterinarian about the best diet for your dog's specific health needs, especially if your dog has epilepsy or other chronic conditions. Homemade Diets : Consider preparing homemade meals for your dog. This way, you can control the quality and source of the ingredients. Conclusion: Toxins in Dog Food: The Best Diet for Dogs with Epilepsy Understanding the potential toxins in commercial dog foods is crucial for ensuring the long-term health and well-being of your pets. By making informed choices and opting for healthier alternatives, you can help your dog live a longer, healthier life, even if they have conditions like Canine Epilepsy. Remember, a healthy diet is one of the best ways to support your dog's overall health and longevity! References: Yang, L., Yang, L., Cai, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Chen, J., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Qin, Y., Wu, Z., & Liu, N. (2023). Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: A review on toxicity and detoxification methods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 257 , 114948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114948 Witaszak, N., Waśkiewicz, A., Bocianowski, J., & Stępień, Ł. (2020). Contamination of pet food with mycobiota and Fusarium mycotoxins—Focus on dogs and cats. Toxins, 12 (2), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020130 Forster, G. M., Brown, D. G., Dooley, G. P., Page, R. L., & Ryan, E. P. (2014). Pets as sentinels of human exposure to pesticides and co-occurring chemical mixtures. Environmental Science & Technology, 48 (24), 14677–14685. https://doi.org/10.1021/es503764s Böhm, J., Koinig, L., Hollmann, M., & Razzazi-Fazeli, E. (2008). Mycotoxicoses in pets and the occurrence of mycotoxins in dry dog foods. Bulletin UASVM, Veterinary Medicine, 65 (1). Rodney Habib, & Karen Shaw Becker. (2021). The Forever Dog: Surprising New Science to Help Your Canine Companion Live Younger, Healthier, and Longer . Harper Wave.

Blood sugar levels, also known as glucose levels, play a critical role in the overall health and neurological function of dogs. Fluctuations in blood sugar can have significant effects, especially in dogs with epilepsy. Here’s how these fluctuations are linked to epilepsy in dogs. How Blood Sugar Affects the Brain The brain relies on a constant supply of glucose to function properly. Glucose is the primary energy source for brain cells, and stable levels are essential for maintaining normal brain activity. When blood sugar levels are either too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia), it can disrupt normal brain function and lead to neurological issues. Hypoglycaemia and Seizures Hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar, is a well-known trigger for seizures in both humans and animals. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the brain is deprived of the necessary energy to function correctly, leading to seizures. This is particularly dangerous for dogs with epilepsy, as their brains are already more susceptible to seizure activity. Mechanism: Energy Deprivation:  Low glucose levels mean the brain cells don't have enough energy to operate, leading to neuronal hyperexcitability. Neuronal Stress:  This stress can trigger seizures, as the neurons misfire due to lack of energy. Hyperglycaemia and Neurological Stress While hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar, is less directly linked to immediate seizure activity, it can contribute to long-term neurological stress and damage. Consistently high blood sugar levels can lead to diabetes, which in turn can cause complications such as diabetic neuropathy, further stressing the nervous system. Mechanism: Inflammation:  High glucose levels can cause inflammation, which can affect brain function. Oxidative Stress:  Excess glucose can lead to oxidative stress, damaging cells throughout the body, including the brain. Carbohydrate-Heavy Diets and Blood Sugar Fluctuations Commercial dog foods high in carbohydrates can cause significant spikes and drops in blood sugar levels. When a dog consumes a high-carb meal, their blood sugar levels spike rapidly. This is followed by a sharp drop as the body releases insulin to manage the glucose, creating a cycle of highs and lows. Impact on Epileptic Dogs: Increased Seizure Risk:  These fluctuations can increase the risk of seizures by destabilising the brain’s energy supply. Difficulty in Management:  For dogs with epilepsy, maintaining stable blood sugar levels is crucial to reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. Dietary Management for Stable Blood Sugar To manage epilepsy effectively, it’s essential to keep your dog’s blood sugar levels stable. Here are some dietary strategies: Low-Carbohydrate Diets:  Reduce or eliminate grains and other high-carb foods from your dog’s diet. Opt for high-quality proteins and healthy fats instead. Regular Feeding Schedule:  Feed your dog at consistent times each day to help maintain steady blood sugar levels. Grain-Free Diets:  As discussed, grain-free diets help avoid the rapid spikes in blood sugar associated with high-carbohydrate grains. Gluconeogenesis: Getting Glucose from Protein While dogs can get glucose from carbohydrates, they can also synthesise glucose from proteins through a process called gluconeogenesis. This is especially important for maintaining stable blood sugar levels in dogs on low-carb diets. How It Works: Amino Acids:  Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Conversion:  These amino acids are then converted into glucose in the liver. Energy Supply:  This glucose can then be used by the body, particularly by the brain, which requires a constant energy supply. By relying on gluconeogenesis, a dog’s body can maintain glucose levels even when dietary carbohydrates are limited. This process ensures that essential functions, such as brain activity, are not compromised. Conclusion: The Link Between Blood Sugar Fluctuations and Epilepsy in Dogs By understanding and managing the link between blood sugar fluctuations and epilepsy, you can help your dog lead a healthier, more stable life. Ensuring a balanced diet that avoids high-carbohydrate ingredients can significantly reduce the risk of seizures and improve overall Dog Health.

Dogs have been our loyal companions for thousands of years, but have you ever wondered how they evolved to eat and how our influence has changed their diet? In this blog post, we dive into the ancestry and history of dog food, how wolves went from being carnivores to dogs eating unhealthy carb based diets. We reveal how humans have shaped the course of canine health and longevity. From Wolves to Dogs: A Journey Through Time Dogs are direct descendants of wolves, which roamed the earth around 20,000 to 40,000 years ago. Wolves were fierce hunters and skilled scavengers. Their diet primarily consisted of meat from prey animals, and they often hunted large hooved animals like deer, bison, elk, and smaller mammals when they were available. The Wolf’s Diet: Nature’s Recipe for Survival Wolves hunted in packs, using their sharp senses and incredible teamwork to track and take down prey. They relied on their physical prowess and strategic planning to secure food. They were incredibly active in their pursuit, in the harsh winters of North America, wolves would follow migrating herds of elk or caribou, often travelling great distances in pursuit of a meal. This nomadic lifestyle ensured they had access to ample food sources throughout the seasons and kept healthy through intense exercise. In addition to their primary prey, wolves adapted to their environment by eating available plant matter. During summer, when hunting was less predictable, wolves consumed berries, grasses, and other vegetation to supplement their diet. This omnivorous behaviour ensured they could survive even when prey was scarce. There are numerous anecdotes from early explorers and settlers who observed wolves foraging for wild blueberries and other fruits. The Transition to Modern Dogs As humans began domesticating wolves, they selectively bred them for traits that suited human needs and lifestyles. This process eventually led to the evolution of dogs. Early domesticated dogs often lived on the fringes of human society, scavenging for whatever food they could find. Archaeological evidence shows that these early dogs were opportunistic feeders, much like their wolf ancestors. They consumed a variety of foods, including meat scraps, bones, and plant matter discarded by humans. As time went on, unlike wolves, dogs didn’t always have access to fresh meat. Their diet became more varied, incorporating whatever humans provided. It was during the agricultural revolution, when humans moved from hunter-gatherers to farmers, that we started to change dogs' genomes, and they developed the ability to digest carbohydrates by producing more amylase (an enzyme that breaks down starch). This was a remarkable evolutionary feat- one that kept them alive but not necessarily healthy. Digestion and metabolism are two very different things, and while dogs can digest carbs, they still don’t metabolise them well- and excess carb intake leads to systemic inflammation and obesity. It is worth noting that some researchers suggest that even 150 years ago, dogs received less than 10% of their caloric intake from carbohydrates. The real skyrocketing of carb ingestion came in the 20th century when processed dog food became the norm. The Beginning of Commercial Diets: James Spratt and the Invention of Dog Biscuits Once upon a time- there were no dog biscuits or kibbles. The idea of processed dog food had not yet been conceived—until an enterprising electrician and lightning rod salesman from Ohio saw an opportunity and changed everything. In 1860, James Spratt was on a business trip to England when he observed something peculiar. Dogs on the docks were eating ship hardtack—a non-perishable cracker made from processed cereals that sailors took on long voyages. These hardtacks were far from nutritious, but they were a staple for sailors who needed sustenance. Seeing a business opportunity, Spratt decided to market a new kind of food for dogs, specifically targeting the elite who pampered their pets- telling them this was the “healthier” choice. He created the first commercial dog biscuit, the "Patented Meat Fibrine Dog Cake." This biscuit was made from a mixture of ingredients such as wheat, beetroot, and various vegetables, bound together with beef blood and baked. The precise protein source still remains a mystery to this day, as Spratt kept this detail secret throughout his life. A Sensation in America The turning point for Spratt’s invention came in 1889 when the Patented Meat Fibrine Dog Cake was featured on the front page of the first-ever American Kennel Club Journal. This endorsement caught the attention of the American public, who quickly embraced the idea of feeding their dogs something specially formulated for them, rather than leftovers from the family dinner. Suffice to say- James was a marketing genius- promising health and vitality to dogs in an age when research on the subject was non-existent. As more people bought into the idea of commercial dog food, the market grew rapidly. Spratt’s company flourished, and after his death, it became publicly listed. Spratt had successfully leveraged the concepts of "health" and "longevity" to sell a man-made product, forever changing the way we feed our canine companions. Commercial Food Today Today, Spratt’s legacy lives on through the commercial diet, which is filled with additives and grains—a far cry from the wolf's ancestral feeding habits. The industrial revolution and advances in food processing technologies allowed for the mass production of commercial dog food. The industry has made extensive use of agricultural by-products. Ingredients such as corn, soy, and wheat are commonly found in many dog foods today. These by-products are often used as fillers to bulk up the food and reduce costs. While they provide carbohydrates and some nutritional value, they are not as nutritionally dense as high-quality meat sources. The Modern Dog’s Digestive System Today, dogs have digestive systems that have evolved from their wolf ancestors, albeit not as dramatically as one might think. While they still thrive on a diet high in protein and fats, they have also adapted to digest certain carbohydrates (but not in high quantities!). We need to remember that dogs are still primarily carnivorous by nature. Their digestive systems are designed to process meat efficiently. They have sharp teeth for tearing flesh and short digestive tracts that quickly process protein. Their ability to digest carbohydrates is limited compared to humans. Why dogs aren’t built to digest high volumes of carbs The introduction of carbohydrates into their diet is a relatively recent development in evolutionary terms. And there are certain biological indicators that show us this: Salivary Amylase:  Unlike humans, dogs produce little to no salivary amylase, an enzyme that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. This indicates that their bodies are not primarily designed to process a high-carb diet. Stomach Acidity:  Dogs have highly acidic stomachs, which are ideal for breaking down protein and killing potential bacteria in raw meat. This acidity aids in the digestion of bones and other tough animal tissues. Short Digestive Tract:  The short length of a dog’s digestive tract means that food passes through quickly. This quick transit time is suitable for the digestion of protein and fat but less efficient for breaking down complex carbohydrates and plant matter. Insulin Response:  Dogs have a different insulin response compared to humans, making them less efficient at processing high levels of carbohydrates. This can contribute to weight gain and other metabolic issues if their diet is too carbohydrate-heavy. Fresh Whole Foods- Meat, Fat & Veg Like their ancestors, modern dogs benefit from a diet rich in fresh, whole foods. High-quality protein sources such as meat and fish should form the basis of their diet. Healthy fats are also crucial for their energy levels and overall health. Many commercial dog foods are high in fillers, artificial ingredients, carbohydrates, and low-quality proteins. This can lead to numerous health issues, including obesity, diabetes, and even lower seizure thresholds in canine epilepsy. Dogs with seizures, in particular, need a diet that supports their neurological health. Poor nutrition can exacerbate symptoms, making it crucial to choose the right foods. Conclusion: The History of Dog Food: From Wolf to the Modern Dog Understanding how dogs evolved to eat helps us appreciate their nutritional needs today. Focusing on high-quality, nutrient-dense foods can support their health and well-being, reducing the risk of conditions like canine epilepsy. Remember, a healthy diet is key to a happy, healthy dog.

How to Identify Seizure Triggers for Your Dog Caring for a dog with epilepsy can be daunting. Finding triggers offers comfort, suggesting that eliminating specific reactions could stop seizures. Although identifying triggers is crucial, it's essential to do so productively, avoiding unnecessary anxiety. This post will guide you through the process, helping you manage your dog's epilepsy with a balanced and rational approach. Not All Seizures Have Identifiable Triggers Not all seizures have identifiable triggers. Idiopathic epilepsy means there is no known cause. Often, no single factor causes seizures—they just happen. Care regimes, including medications and ketogenic diets, aim to change brain chemistry to build defences against seizures, but there is no cure for epilepsy. The Importance of Rational Thinking in Managing Canine Epilepsy While being attentive in managing your dog's epilepsy is crucial, it's important to avoid making false links. Constantly worrying and trying to pinpoint every seizure's cause can be overwhelming and counterproductive. Focus on identifying patterns rather than diagnosing single incidents of individual seizures. Keeping a Seizure Log: Look for Patterns, Not One-Offs One effective way to identify seizure triggers in dogs is by maintaining a seizure diary. Document each seizure, noting the time of day, activities, diet, and any changes in routine. Over time, patterns may emerge, helping pinpoint potential triggers. This methodical approach can differentiate between genuine triggers and coincidental occurrences. Here are some questions to guide your log-keeping: Are there any triggers that consistently occur before or around the time your dog has a seizure? Do these triggers happen at other times too? If so, how often do the triggers occur without leading to a seizure? Does your dog have a 'high-risk time'? For example, are there certain times when seizures are more likely to occur, such as a specific time of day, night, or month? How often does your dog experience high-risk times without having seizures? Are there certain situations in which your dog is more likely to have a seizure? Observing this over time might clarify what your dog's seizure triggers and high-risk times are. How often does your dog have seizures only in certain situations or environments? How often does your dog experience those same situations or environments without  having seizures? Identifying Food that Triggers Seizures: Understand Unlikely Culprits vs. Likely Culprits Not all food items are likely to cause seizures. High-quality meats (no matter the animal source) are very unlikely to be triggers, whereas grains, certain legumes, additives, and chemical flavoring/preservatives are potential culprits. Focus on known problematic foods first. Learn more about food from our diet section on our blog . Check All Ingredients Equipped with that knowledge, It's vital to check all ingredients in your dog's food and treats if you suspect a certain product is causing seizures, not just assume it is one of the main listed ingredients. Problematic ingredients might include artificial preservatives, processed fillers, or grains. You can read more about this here. Remember, Look for Patterns, Not One-Offs Occasional changes in diet should not immediately be assumed as the cause of a seizure unless there's a consistent pattern. For example, if your dog has eaten chicken in the past without experiencing a seizure, but has a seizure after eating it on a given day, it's unlikely the chicken triggered the seizure. Check other ingredients in the food and consider other situational changes. Jumping to conclusions based on isolated events can lead to red herrings, which can misguide you and increase your anxiety. Test Out the Theory If you suspect a specific food trigger, test the isolated ingredient in pure formats (such as boiled without seasoning) and see if your dog still has the same reaction. If they eat the same meat without a seizure on multiple occasions, it's unlikely to be a trigger. Alternatively, eliminate it from your dog's diet for a period and observe any changes. Note: switching to a completely different food (even of the same brand) will make it nearly impossible to establish whether a specific ingredient was the trigger, as complete recipes and ingredients will change for each flavour. Time Frames for a Food Trigger Understanding the digestion process helps identify food triggers. If an ingredient is the acute trigger, the seizure would typically occur within the first few hours after eating. After 12 hours, any seizures are unlikely to be related. An exception to this would be the repeated use of low-quality diets high in carbohydrates. This type of long term exposure would lower seizure thresholds, making dogs more susceptible to seizures. Switching to a high-quality keto diet can change brain chemistry, making their brain more resilient against seizures. Identifying Situational Seizure Triggers: Over Excitement and Stress Cause Similar Responses in the Body Stress is a known trigger for seizures in dogs. Stressful situations like vet visits, loud noises, or changes in the household can precipitate seizures. Over-excitement can also trigger seizures. When a dog experiences stress or excitement, the body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which can create an overstimulated brain. For a dog with epilepsy, these heightened states can lower the seizure threshold, making a seizure more likely to occur. Offering comfort and reassurance during times of stress or excitement can help your dog feel safe and secure. This might include gentle petting, speaking in a soothing tone, or providing a quiet space where your dog can retreat and relax. Tune Into Your Dog Dogs are expressive and emotional creatures. As epi dog owners, we are highly attuned to their feelings and behaviours. Paying close attention to your dog's body language and emotional cues can provide valuable insights into their well-being and potential seizure triggers. Subtle changes in behaviour, such as increased restlessness, panting, or seeking comfort, can indicate stress or over-excitement. By noticing these signs early, you can intervene and help calm your dog before their arousal levels become too high. Look For the Details within the Patterns Perhaps your dog LOVES to play with other dogs; however, every so often you notice he has a seizure a few hours after play time. If your dog loves playing with other dogs but sometimes has a seizure afterward, consider other factors on those days. Is there a specific dog with whom playtime often leads to a seizure? Are the days your dog experiences a seizure after playtime hotter than normal, leaving your dog a bit dehydrated? Look for specifics in patterns to avoid depriving your dog of fun activities unnecessarily. Identifying Environmental Seizure Triggers: Environmental factors such as changes in weather, solar storms, sleep routines, and lunar cycles have been anecdotally identified by many owners as triggers for seizures in their dogs. While some triggers like lunar cycles are beyond our control, understanding and managing around these factors can be beneficial. Track The Environmental Phenomena Track occurrences such as lunar cycles and solar storms. Utilise tools like lunar calendar trackers or subscribe to NASA's solar storm reports. This proactive approach helps correlate these phenomena with your dog's seizure episodes, providing clearer insights into potential triggers. Note Down Other Factors Around the Environmental Phenomenon If you know your dog is sensitive to certain environmental factors, pay close attention to other factors that could compound the trigger. For instance, did your dog visit the vet (a potentially stressful experience) around a full moon when a seizure occurred? These insights can help you plan to avoid compounding triggers and establish a good routine for your epileptic dog. Pay Close Attention to When Your Dog DOES NOT Have a Seizure Note down when your dog does not have seizures despite environmental triggers. This might seem counterintuitive, but understanding times when you expected a seizure but one did not occur can provide valuable insights into pinpointing the exact trigger and working on preventative measures. Compare these times to when your dog did have a seizure. Establish a Routine to Make Your Dog’s Brain More Resilient Creating a structured routine can help make your dog's brain more resilient to environmental triggers. Consider holistic interventions such as a k etogenic diet , supplemented with MCT oil and salmon oil, known to support brain health. These dietary changes can regulate brain chemistry over time, potentially reducing the occurrence of seizures triggered by environmental factors. Identifying Toxin Seizure Triggers: Understand Toxicity Time Frames: Build Up vs. Acute Ingestion Toxin-related triggers can take effect at different points depending on how they are metabolised. The digestion, metabolism, and excretion processes vary for each toxin. If a toxin is still in the gut, symptoms might appear quickly as it is absorbed into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, the toxin can circulate throughout the body, potentially triggering seizures within 12-72 hours. How the liver metabolizes the toxin also affects this, depending on whether the toxin is quickly excreted or continues to be metabolized. Acute ingestion refers to a high dose of a toxin causing an immediate or rapid onset of symptoms. Changes on blood tests for most toxins won’t show up for up to 72 hours, making it challenging to give an exact figure for the onset of symptoms. For acute exposure to a toxin, within 72 hours is a reasonable time frame to consider the toxin a potential trigger. Doses of toxins also play a role in time frames for triggers. For example, chocolate ingestion can lead to seizures within 1-2 hours at high doses, 2-4 hours at medium doses, and mild doses may only show gastrointestinal symptoms up to 12 hours later. In contrast, build-up toxicity occurs over a longer period. Toxins like heavy metals (lead or mercury) from a diet of wild game or large ocean fish can accumulate in your dog's system. Over months of exposure to low levels, these toxins can build up and eventually trigger seizures. Recognising these time frames and understanding how different toxins interact with your dog's body can significantly aid in identifying and preventing potential seizure triggers. Note Any Changes in Your Routine and Environment Get into the habit of noting new products you try for yourself and your household along with the date you started using them. This will help you track whether an item could be a trigger when comparing it to your dog’s seizure log. Pay special attention to cleaning products, new fertilisers, and new makeup and beauty products. Documenting these changes can identify patterns that might correlate with your dog’s seizures, allowing you to make informed decisions about what products to continue using. Once Again Look for Patterns and Time Frames, Not One-Offs When identifying potential triggers, focus on patterns and time frames rather than isolated incidents. For example, if you switched to a new cleaning product and your dog has only one seizure in a three-month period, it is unlikely the cleaning product is the cause. Look for consistent correlations over an extended period along with acute reactivity in the first few days a new item is introduced. This approach helps avoid unnecessary worry and allows for a more rational and effective management strategy for your dog’s epilepsy. Test Out the Theory If you suspect a specific product might be triggering your dog’s seizures, try removing it from your household environment and observe any changes. For instance, stop using a particular cleaning product or beauty item and see if there is any noticeable improvement in your dog’s condition. This methodical approach can help confirm whether the product was a contributing factor, enabling you to create a safer and more stable environment for your dog. Conclusion: Knowing How To Identify Seizure Triggers for Your Dog Being a dedicated epi dog owner involves thinking about potential triggers with moderation and rational thinking. Identifying seizure triggers for your dog involves consistent observation, documentation, and a balanced approach. This method helps manage your dog's epilepsy effectively and reduces anxiety and stress for you as a pet owner. By focusing on patterns, keeping detailed records, and consulting with professionals, you can make informed decisions that enhance your dog's well-being. Remember, it's a marathon, not a sprint, and your calm, composed approach will benefit both you and your furry friend.

Caring for a dog with epilepsy is a journey filled with love and dedication. While it comes with its challenges, it's also an opportunity for deep connection and resilience. A recent study conducted in England shed light on the emotional journey of dog owners, who often find themselves navigating fear, stress, and uncertainty regarding their pet's health. In this article, we explore the profound bond between owners and their dogs, delving into the relationship between our own stress and canine epilepsy, offering guidance on how to nurture a positive environment for both you and your dog. The Relationship between Stress and Seizures Epilepsy is a common condition in dogs, requiring ongoing care and support from their human companions. A recent study by Packer et al. (2017) revealed a fascinating interplay between stress and epilepsy in dogs. Stressful situations can trigger seizure activity, while the seizures themselves become stressors for both dogs and their owners. This creates a cycle where stress and seizures feed into each other, highlighting the importance of managing stress for both you and your dog. Impact of Dog Seizures on Dog’s Stress Levels It's important to recognise that seizures are not only physically challenging for dogs but can also cause emotional distress. During a seizure, dogs experience a surge in cortisol levels—a natural response to stress. Cortisol, often called the 'stress hormone,' helps regulate various bodily functions. Packer’s study found a significant increase in cortisol levels in dogs following a seizure. However, it's reassuring to know that other studies have found that the salivary cortisol level decreases over time and returns to baseline around 40 minutes later. Impact of Dog Seizures on Owner’s Stress Levels Witnessing your beloved pet experience a seizure can be a distressing experience for any owner. According to Packer’s findings, owners of dogs with epilepsy also experience a spike in cortisol levels post-seizure. This stress response is particularly notable in owners with higher scores of anxiety and overthinking. This is completely understandable; it can be heartbreaking to watch your dog in distress, and any epileptic pet parents knows how challenging it can be. The important thing is to be compassionate with yourself and find healthy ways to manage your feelings. You and Your Dog: A Strong, Empathetic Bond A heartwarming study by Sundman et al. shed light on the beautiful bond between owners and their beloved dogs. Working with 58 dog-human pairs, the study revealed how owner personality traits such as conscientiousness, anxiety, concern, and openness significantly influenced their dog’s personality traits and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), which serve as markers of long-term stress in both humans and animals. Interestingly, while the dogs' personalities had minimal effect on their HCC, the anxious tendencies of their owners directly impacted their canine companions, leading to a mirrored stress response in the pets. The study unveiled a heartening correlation between the long-term stress levels of humans and their dogs, showing just how incredibly caring and empathetic dogs are to their owners. This heartwarming discovery underscores the profound bond between humans and their canine companions. What You Can Do To Help Yourself (and Your Dog) Living with a dog with epilepsy can feel like navigating a rollercoaster ride of emotions. But let's face it, telling someone "Don't Stress!" or "Stop Worrying!" is about as effective as teaching a cat to fetch—it's just not happening. Instead, let's focus on practical steps you can take to manage stress around owning a dog with epilepsy to enhance the quality of life for both you and your dog. 1. Don’t Blame Yourself One of the most important things to remember is not to blame yourself. It’s already challenging enough to see your dog go through this without piling on extra guilt. Idiopathic epilepsy, by definition, means there is no known cause triggering the seizures. Often, there isn’t anything specific that causes the seizures—they just happen. Care regimes, including medications and ketogenic diets, work to change the brain chemistry of the dog to build up the defences and try and give them the best chance of being seizure resilient, but there is no actual cure for epilepsy. Most owners of dogs with epilepsy are incredibly dedicated and want nothing more than to do the absolute best for their dogs. By seeking information, finding support, and providing love and care, you're already doing so much. Seizures happen: be just as kind to yourself as you are to your wonderful epi dog. 2. Stop Guessing, Start Educating Educate yourself about canine epilepsy. The more you know, the better equipped you will be to handle seizures when they occur. Knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions about your dog’s care and reduces the fear of the unknown. There is so much misinformation on the internet and conflicting information, some of which comes from well-intentioned but misinformed owners and vets, others from companies trying to monetise this horrible disease. That is why one of our biggest missions at Dogileptic is to help inform epi dog owners with the scientific research. We carefully distill research papers (over 487 to date) into easy-to-read blogs ranging covering the whole spectrum of canine epilepsy, and we add to this library of information each week. If we have not covered a topic or if you ever have any questions or feel confused, please feel free to request it via email at hello@dogileptic.com or through one of our WhatsApp groups. 3. Feel in Control Once you have educated yourself about canine epilepsy, building a robust routine can significantly support your dog's brain health. Routine plays a critical role in managing seizures, providing stability and predictability that can help reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. Research in humans with epilepsy has shown that feeling in control of seizures actually helps reduce their occurrence. This sense of control over their condition leads to improved psychological well-being and a greater quality of life. The same principles can apply to managing your dog's epilepsy. By establishing a consistent daily routine that implements scientifically backed holistic care interventions, you can help minimise potential seizure triggers and create a calm environment for your dog. Feeling in control of your dog's epilepsy management will make you more confident and relaxed, which can positively impact your dog. The stability and routine you provide can help create a sense of security for both of you, making it easier to navigate the challenges of canine epilepsy together. 4. Apply Rational Thinking While being attentive and proactive in managing your dog's epilepsy is crucial, it's equally important to try your very best to accept your and your dog’s circumstances. Constantly worrying and trying to pinpoint the cause of every seizure can be overwhelming and counterproductive. Instead, focus on identifying patterns rather than single incidents. For example, if your dog has eaten chicken many times without issues and then suddenly has a seizure after eating chicken, it's unlikely the chicken is the trigger. Jumping to conclusions based on isolated events can lead to red herrings, which can misguide you and increase your anxiety. It's great to be an attentive epi dog owner and think about potential triggers, but this needs to be done with moderation and rational thinking. Look for consistent patterns over time and keep a seizure diary noting the circumstances around each seizure, such as the time of day, activities, diet, and changes in routine. This can help identify genuine triggers and avoid unnecessary worry about one-off events. Applying rational thinking means you're approaching the situation in a way that's sustainable and healthy for both you and your pet. 5. Find Comfort in Community Canine Epilepsy can be a really isolating experience. In their study, Pergande et al. concluded that friends, family and colleagues did not always understand the magnitude of commitment required to care for a dog with idiopathic epilepsy. The fear of leaving their dog unsupervised, also had social implications on the owners. Joining the Dogileptic Community through our WhatsApp Groups with other dog owners dealing with epilepsy isn't just about finding practical tips—it's about finding a place where you're truly heard and understood by a supportive group of other epi dog owners dealing with the same challenges of canine epilepsy. Dogileptic offers a space to share your experiences, fears, and uncertainties without judgment, knowing that others have walked—or are currently walking—the same path. It's about finding solidarity in shared struggles and comfort in knowing you're not alone. So, don't hesitate to lean on us for support—we're all here to help you navigate the ups and downs of epilepsy management with empathy and understanding. 6. Don’t Let Canine Epilepsy Define Your Dog (or Your Life) Remember, your dog is much more than their condition. Focus on the joy and companionship they bring into your life. Celebrate the good days and don’t let the seizures overshadow the bond you share. Enjoy your dog living their best life, whether that be sniffing around on walks, eating their favourite snack, cuddling up with you on the sofa, or seeing their doggy best friend. Some members of our community even go above and beyond the realm of normal doggy activity. We have members who are agility dogs, competing in complex obstacle courses and challenging mazes. We have working dogs, helping their owners herd animals on the farm. We have retrievers and hunting dogs, flushing out birds and carefully bringing them home to mom and dad. We even have an incredible member that is a search and rescue dog who finds and retrieves stranded human beings when there is extreme flooding! 7. Get Back to Being Man and Man’s Best Friend Engage in activities that strengthen your bond with your dog. Whether it's a walk in the park, playtime, or simply cuddling on the couch, these moments of connection can reduce stress for both you and your dog. Studies have shown that dogs lower our stress levels and help with feelings of loneliness. One study even showed that dog ownership is linked to a 24% reduced risk of dying from anything (all-cause mortality). Dogs keep us healthy—they keep us active, reduce our chances of heart attack and stroke, and force us to be outdoors in nature. They even trigger a cascade of “happy” chemicals in our bodies that make us feel safe, supported, and connected. So, Can Owner Stress Cause Seizures in Dogs? So, can owner stress cause seizures in dogs? The better way to phrase that question is to think about how doing a bit of self care and de-stressing can help both you and your dog as you continue to enjoy each other's company. The stress experienced by both dogs with epilepsy and their owners is significant, but it is manageable. By educating yourself, developing a seizure management plan, and seeking support, you can create a healthier and less stressful environment for both you and your dog. Don’t let epilepsy define your life—focus on the love and companionship you share with your incredible dog. References: Packer, R. M. A., H. A. Volk, and R. C. Fowkes. "Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers." *Physiology & Behavior* 177 (2017): 27-33. Sundman, Ann-Sofie, et al. "Long-term stress levels are synchronized in dogs and their owners." *Scientific reports* 9.1 (2019): 1-7. Pergande, A.E., Belshaw, Z., Volk, H.A. *et al.* “We have a ticking time bomb”: a qualitative exploration of the impact of canine epilepsy on dog owners living in England. *BMC Vet Res* **16**, 443 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02669-w Packer, Rowena MA, Sarah L. Hobbs, and Emily J. Blackwell. "Behavioral interventions as an adjunctive treatment for canine epilepsy: a missing part of the epilepsy management toolkit?." *Frontiers in veterinary science* 6 (2019): 3.

Arya and Karla Out on a Mission Hi! I’m Arya, and I’m an emergency search and rescue dog who happens to have epilepsy. As a search and rescue dog I have a lot of responsibility. I work with my partner in crime and best friend Karla (she’s a human) as part of the SARK9 team of Manada K9. Our unit works with Civil Protection of Nuevo León in Mexico to locate missing people. I’ve helped find and retrieve humans trapped by extreme floods, hurricanes, and even collapsed buildings. I’m actually patrolling as I’m writing this due to the current hurricane Alberto hitting our town. So you might be wondering how did I decide to become a search and rescue dog? Well it kind of runs in the family. My mom was a search and rescue dog in the Manada K9 squad. When she gave birth to me and my litter in 2020, we all started our training with the hopes that we too could be search and rescue dogs like our mommy. At this time my future partner and best friend Karla had just started volunteering with the squad. I later learned she wanted to be involved in the training techniques for search and rescue dogs because it combined her passion for dogs with altruistic work. She’s a really good human. We hit it off right away and she decided to adopt me - I’m so lucky to get to call her my owner. Me and Karla When I was a Pup The training was super fun, exciting, and challenging. Every day was something new to explore and learn about. Early on I was exposed to loud noises, weird textures and smells, and a lot of exercise including regular swim lessons in all sorts of water. I guess the goal of all this is to make sure we are prepared for whatever comes our way when we are on the job finding lost humans. You definitely needed to be smart and energetic to do well. Here's a video Karla put together from our puppy training days. Good thing there were plenty of delicious snacks to keep us going, the better we did at each task the more snacks we got! At the end of the training period there was a class exam for all the new puppies to see if we had what it takes to be a search and rescue dog. I passed with flying colours, top of the class (sorry for barking about myself)! I was over the moon and couldn’t wait to start my work as a search and rescue dog. I had already been working as a search and rescue dog for over a year with Karla when I had my first seizure. It happened right before my second birthday. I’m not a dog who has a lot of fear and to be honest I can’t really remember what happened during the seizure, but I can tell you it was scary to see Karla so worried about me. We went in to a special vet and did all these crazy tests which luckily came back normal. I started a medicine from the doctor and went back to my normal life. A month later I had another seizure, this time is was a bad one. I can’t remember what happened before or during it, but Karla told me it was really bad: I started seizing and couldn’t stop. I went into something called status epilepticus and had to be rushed to the hospital in an emergency situation. I was hospitalised for a week. When I regained consciousness I realised I couldn’t see anything (like a fellow Arya, Arya Stark). Then I realised I couldn’t hear anything. Then I realised I couldn’t smell anything. How could life go on like this? What type of life would it be for me if I couldn’t even do normal doggy things let alone continue my passion for search and rescue missions? Would I ever hear or smell or see my best friend again? I was scared, sad and confused. My doctors gave me a bad prognosis for recovery and suggested to Karla that she should put me to sleep. Honestly I don’t blame them given the state I was in, but Karla wouldn’t accept it. She believed in me and knew I was a fighter—that I was strong and would come through it and get better. I sensed her belief and her confidence as she stayed by my side, and her positive attitude gave me even more power to get better. Karla was right. Just two weeks later I regained all of my physical senses! I was able to smell, see, and hear perfectly well. I am so grateful for Karla’s dedication and positive thinking, her relentless belief in me to come through it.  The important stuff to her was done (I was completely healthy) but to me what was important was being able to get back to my work. There was a big search and rescue competition coming up just one month after I was hospitalised and I wanted to compete. I had been training for it and looking forward to it for months, and I was worried maybe the large seizure would have made me a bit slow or sluggish, or that I wouldn’t remember all my training. The competition took place at Jalisco and was held over 2 days. They simulated a collapse of a hotel and placed sample targets (representing humans) throughout the rubble for us dogs to locate them. I was worried I wouldn’t perform at my best because just a month ago I was blind, deaf, and couldn’t smell a single thing. To everyone’s surprise not only did I successfully complete the tasks and compete, I was the fastest of the entire group to locate all the samples!  Karla and I had a huge celebration together that day, celebrating our health, bond, and life together. We have a really strong bond which I think helps with managing my epilepsy. She can read me sometimes better than I can read myself, knowing when I’m tired physically or mentally, and convincing me that it would be better to relax than to do something active. Every time we go on a mission together she takes extra precautions to prepare me a special emergency pack including my meds, emergency meds, special food, hydration salts, healthy snacks, ice packs (in case I get hot), and of course a whole lot of love. Since that time I was hospitalised, we’ve worked hard to find a routine that works to help support my brain and make it more seizure resilient in addition to the medications from my neurologist. Some things that I’ve found really helpful include a ketogenic diet, MCT oil, Salmon oil, CBD oil, Taurine, and a few other supplements too. It has been really helpful that Karla created a guided schedule with all the information needed on my routine along with emergency numbers for my vets. It keeps things organised and easy to follow for her and anyone else who looks after me. Every 6 months we perform blood tests to make sure my kidneys and liver are doing good, and check the levels of medications in my bloodstream to see if I should adjust my dose. Other than that I live a super normal life. I don’t really think about my seizures and I certainly would not want to be defined as “the epileptic dog”—it’s the least interesting thing about me and my life! When I’m not rescuing people, I love to just hang out with Karla, relax, sleep, cuddle. I love to play with my Kong too. Most of all, I love to be told what a good girl I am and live my pampered pooch life fantasy (I am a dog after all!) I hope other dogs and owners can take inspiration and hope from my story — to not give up and stay positive, things really do get better! You can do pretty much anything as an epi dog - don’t live in fear that everything will be a trigger. Do what you love to do, get back to being a dog. Canine Epilepsy doesn’t define me—I’m Arya and I’m a loving, happy, healthy dog, and a proud member of Dogs of Dogileptic.

Managing epilepsy in dogs can be a daunting task for pet owners. While medication and veterinary care are essential, diet has emerged as a powerful tool in controlling seizure activity. Among the dietary approaches, the ketogenic diet has garnered significant attention for its effectiveness in reducing seizures. The ketogenic diet––high in fats and proteins, low in carbohydrates––helps produce ketones that serve as an alternative energy source for the brain, potentially stabilising neuronal activity and reducing seizures. Yogurt, known for being rich in protein and healthy fats, seems like a perfect fit for a ketogenic diet. However, its suitability for dogs prone to seizures warrants closer examination. While yogurt can be a nutritious addition to many diets, the presence of lactose and specific milk proteins raises potential concerns for dogs with epilepsy. This article will delve into the science to explore whether yogurt is good for dogs with epilepsy. Understanding Canine Epilepsy Canine Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures. These seizures can be triggered by various factors, including genetics, environmental stimuli, and diet. Managing a dog’s diet can be crucial in controlling seizure activity. The Role of Diet in Epilepsy Research indicates that certain foods may impact seizure frequency and severity in both humans and animals. For instance, the ketogenic diet , which is high in fats and proteins but low in carbohydrates, has been shown to help manage seizures. By drastically reducing carbohydrate intake, the body is forced to use fat as its primary energy source. This metabolic state, known as ketosis, produces ketones, which are molecules that provide an alternative energy source for the brain. Ketones have been found to stabilise neuronal activity and reduce excitability, which can help in controlling seizures. Additionally, the ketogenic diet can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are critical factors in managing epilepsy. Yogurt and other dairy products are usually considered a great food choice for a ketogenic diet; however, some studies have shown that dairy products can influence the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, both of which are linked to seizure activity. Let’s dive in to the science behind how dairy could possibly trigger seizures. Anecdotal Reports of Dairy as a Seizure Trigger There are anecdotal reports of dairy being a trigger for seizures in humans. In one study involving 125 families, 55.2% believed there was a relationship between specific foods and seizures. Dairy products were among the most commonly reported triggers. Let’s explore the physiological reasons that dairy could potentially “trigger” a seizure. The Impact of Dairy Products: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress How Can Dairy Influence Seizures? Dairy products, like yogurt, contain proteins and sugars that can affect the body in ways that may trigger seizures. To understand this, we need to look at two main factors: oxidative stress and inflammation. Dairy, Oxidative Stress, and Seizures Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between harmful molecules called free radicals and the body's ability to neutralise them with antioxidants. When there are too many free radicals and not enough antioxidants, it leads to oxidative stress, which can damage cells, including neurons. This damage can make the brain more susceptible to seizures. Free Radicals: Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells. They are produced as a byproduct of normal cell metabolism and can also be introduced through external sources like pollution and certain foods. Examples include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Antioxidants: Antioxidants are molecules that can neutralise free radicals by donating an electron, which stabilises the free radicals and prevents them from causing cell damage. The body naturally produces some antioxidants, like catalase, and others are obtained through the diet. Dairy and Free Radicals: Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) Certain proteins in dairy, especially from cow milk, can increase the production of ROS/RNS. Studies have shown that the highest levels of ROS/RNS were found in cells incubated with β-casein, a protein found in cow milk. These harmful particles can damage neurons, increasing the risk of seizures. The presence of high ROS/RNS levels means there is more oxidative stress, which can exacerbate seizure activity. Dairy and Catalase Activity Catalase is an enzyme that helps neutralise ROS/RNS by breaking them down into less harmful substances, thereby reducing oxidative stress. However, the presence of certain milk proteins can affect catalase activity. Some proteins, particularly those found in cow milk, may reduce the effectiveness of catalase. This reduction means the body is less capable of neutralising ROS/RNS, leading to higher oxidative stress. When oxidative stress is high due to increased ROS/RNS and decreased catalase activity, neurons are more prone to damage, making seizures more likely. Therefore, the link between dairy consumption, particularly cow milk proteins, and increased seizure risk is tied to how these proteins influence ROS/RNS levels and catalase activity. Dairy, Inflammation, and Seizures When the body detects something harmful, it releases chemicals called cytokines that help fight off the threat. Some of these cytokines are pro-inflammatory, meaning they cause inflammation. Inflammation is the body's way of dealing with injury or infection, but too much inflammation can be harmful. In the context of epilepsy, too much inflammation can make brain cells more excitable and lower the threshold for seizures, making them more likely to occur. Research has shown that milk, in particular cow’s milk, can contribute to inflammation. This is due to specific proteins in cow’s milk that increase the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, studies comparing different types of animal milk show not all animal milks elicit the same inflammatory reaction. Here’s a closer look at how different types of milk affect inflammation: Cow’s Milk: Studies have shown that proteins from cow’s milk can significantly increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These increased levels of cytokines can make brain cells more excitable, potentially triggering seizures. Goat’s Milk: In contrast, goat’s milk tends to cause less inflammation compared to cow’s milk. It has been shown to result in lower levels of IL-1β and IL-6, making it a potentially safer option for dogs with epilepsy. Sheep’s Milk: Similar to goat’s milk, sheep’s milk generally causes less inflammation than cow’s milk, which may make it a better alternative for managing epilepsy in dogs. Balancing Benefits and Risks When considering whether yogurt is safe for dogs with epilepsy, it's essential to weigh the potential benefits and risks: Benefits: In a ketogenic diet, yogurt, especially full fat yogurts, can be a good source of healthy fats and proteins. Risks: The lactose and milk proteins in yogurt could trigger seizures in some dogs, particularly those sensitive to these components. Cow’s milk proteins have shown to induce higher inflammatory responses, which can be a potential trigger for seizures. Conclusion: Is Yogurt Safe for Dogs with Epilepsy? The question, "Is yogurt safe for dogs with epilepsy?" does not have a straightforward answer and would require substantial further research to make a conclusively demonising judgement. While yogurt may offer some benefits due to its fat content in a ketogenic diet, the potential risks associated with lactose and milk proteins should be considered. If you feed yogurt and other dairy products to your epileptic dog, you can try eliminating it from their diet and see if it has an effect on their seizure frequency. Read more about identifying triggers here. If you still would like to incorporate dairy into your dog’s meals, perhaps consider opting for sheep or goats milk, as they generally cause less inflammation. Each dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Removal of dairy from your dog’s diet does not mean that your dog will stop having seizures––there is no cure for epilepsy––however, it might help to improve the overall state of your dog’s brain, making them more resilient to seizures in the future. References: Inaloo, Soroor, et al. "The effects of dairy products on seizure tendency in mice." *Heliyon* 5.3 (2019). Asadi-Pooya, Ali Akbar, and Ali Ghaffari. "Do patients with epilepsy believe they need specific dietary restrictions?." *Epilepsy & Behavior* 5.6 (2004): 945-948. Maier, N. R. F., Longhurst, J. U., & Ellen, P. (1951). Effects of lactose in the diet on seizure behavior of male and female rats. *Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 44*(5), 501–506. [ https://doi.org/10.1037/h0053797](https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0053797) Albenzio, M., et al. "Milk nutrition and childhood epilepsy: An ex vivo study on cytokines and oxidative stress in response to milk protein fractions." *Journal of dairy science* 101.6 (2018): 4842-4852. Ciliberti, Maria Giovanna, et al. "The role of milk nutrition and ketogenic diet in epileptic disorders." *Epilepsy [Internet]* (2022).

If you have a dog with epilepsy, you might be searching for natural ways to manage and potentially reduce the frequency of seizures as a adjunct therapy to veterinary care. One promising option is the supplementation of salmon oil, rich in DHA and EPA, which can offer substantial benefits for canine epilepsy. Let's explore why salmon oil is a great choice for dogs with epilepsy and how DHA and EPA support brain health. Understanding DHA and EPA: The Brain Boosters Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids found predominantly in marine oils. These Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for the structure and function of cell membranes, particularly in the brain. Without these fatty acids, cell membranes would fall apart, disrupting the production of energy in the mitochondria and impairing essential cellular functions. DHA and EPA are integral to maintaining the fluidity and flexibility of cell membranes. This fluidity is essential for the proper functioning of neurons, the cells responsible for transmitting signals in the brain. By ensuring that cell membranes are healthy and functioning correctly, DHA and EPA support overall brain health and cognitive function. Over the last 20 years, there has been increasing evidence of the role of omega-3 fatty acids in brain development in dogs. Omega-3 deficient diets are not optimal for early neuronal development, and essential fatty acids are necessary for the normal development and function of the brain. A deficiency in these fatty acids can lead to functional abnormalities of the neural system, emphasizing the need for these nutrients to be obtained directly from food. Why Fish/ Salmon Oil Supplementation is Essential Dogs cannot produce essential fatty acids on their own; they must obtain them through their diet. Unfortunately, the essential fatty acids in processed pet food are often destroyed during high-heat processing. This is where salmon oil supplements come in, providing the necessary DHA and EPA to support your dog’s health. Salmon oil is a preferred source of Omega-3 fatty acids for dogs because it contains high levels of DHA and EPA. These compounds not only reduce inflammation but also promote brain regeneration. Unlike other oils such as hemp, chia, and flaxseed oil, salmon oil contains resolvins, which help block and resolve inflammation. The role of resolvins in inflammation is particularly important for dogs with epilepsy. Inflammation in the brain can exacerbate the frequency and severity of seizures. By reducing inflammation, resolvins help create a more stable environment in the brain, potentially lowering the likelihood of seizures. Fish Oil Myths: Dispelling the Confusion Fish oil supplementation has faced scrutiny due to concerns over the refined forms of fish oil, like ethyl ester, which can oxidise rapidly and deplete antioxidants in the body. To avoid these issues, it's important to choose fish oil in its natural triglyceride or phospholipid form, sourced from salmon, krill, anchovy, mussels, or squid. Natural triglyceride fish oil is more easily absorbed by the body compared to ethyl ester forms. This means your dog can benefit more from the DHA and EPA present in the oil. Moreover, phospholipid forms, such as those found in krill oil, offer additional benefits due to their unique structure, which can enhance the delivery of fatty acids to the brain. For dogs allergic to ocean-sourced fish oils, high-DHA microalgae oil can serve as an excellent vegetarian alternative. This ensures your dog still receives the benefits of DHA without the risk of allergies. Fish Oil and Epilepsy: The Science Speaks Research supports the use of fish oil for managing epilepsy in dogs. In an open-label clinical trial with dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy, DHA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in seizure frequency. Over 2-3 months, all dogs in the study showed a reduction in seizures by 50% or more, with some experiencing as few as 0-1 seizures per month by the end of the study. Another study found that feeding fish fat from dietary sources at least once a week during puppyhood was inversely associated with epilepsy later in life. This suggests that early dietary interventions with Omega-3 fatty acids can have long-term benefits for brain health and reduce the risk of developing epilepsy. These findings suggest that DHA can be a valuable supplement in the treatment plan for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, helping to manage and reduce seizure frequency in conjunction with veterinary therapy. The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA, combined with its ability to support cell membrane health, make it an essential component of a holistic approach to managing epilepsy in dogs. Practical Tips for Supplementing with Fish Oil When adding salmon oil to your dog’s diet, it’s important to choose a high-quality product. Look for salmon oil that is sustainably sourced and free from contaminants such as heavy metals and PCBs. The oil should be cold-pressed to preserve the integrity of the DHA and EPA. Start with a small dosage and gradually increase it, observing your dog for any adverse reactions. Consult your veterinarian to determine the appropriate dosage for your dog's specific needs, as it can vary based on size, age, and overall health. Dogileptic Approved Fish Oil At Dogileptic, we are incredibly selective about the brands we partner with and recommend. Our commitment to canine health means we only endorse the best products available —those we would be proud to give our own dogs. We take a rigorous, no-compromise approach, ensuring that every product meets the highest standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. U.S.A 🇺🇸 - Fera Fish Oil Link: Fera Pets (15% Discount Applied at Checkout) U.K. 🇬🇧 - Green & Wilds Super Salmon Oil Link: Green & Wilds Dogs That Should Not Have Salmon Oil While salmon oil can offer many health benefits for dogs, it is not suitable for every canine. Here are some situations where salmon oil should be avoided: 1. Dogs with Fish Allergies If your dog has a known allergy to fish or seafood, salmon oil should be avoided. Allergic reactions can range from mild itching and gastrointestinal upset to severe symptoms like swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis. If you suspect your dog has a fish allergy, consult your veterinarian for alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids. 2. Dogs on Blood-Thinning Medication Salmon oil has natural blood-thinning properties, which can enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications such as warfarin or aspirin. This can increase the risk of bleeding and complicate conditions where blood clotting is critical. Dogs on these medications should not be given salmon oil without veterinary supervision. 3. Dogs with Bleeding Disorders For dogs with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease, the blood-thinning effects of salmon oil can exacerbate their condition. It's essential to avoid giving these dogs salmon oil unless specifically advised by a veterinarian. 4. Dogs with Pancreatitis or High Fat Sensitivity Dogs with a history of pancreatitis or those sensitive to high-fat diets may not tolerate salmon oil well. The high-fat content can trigger flare-ups of pancreatitis. It's important to consult with your veterinarian before adding salmon oil to the diet of a dog with such conditions. 5. Dogs with Liver Disease In cases of liver disease, the liver's ability to process fats and certain vitamins may be compromised. Salmon oil, which is high in fat and can contain significant levels of vitamin A, might put additional strain on the liver. Dogs with liver disease should only be given salmon oil under close veterinary supervision. Conclusion: Boost Your Dog's Brain: How Salmon/ Fish Oil Can Help Dogs with Epilepsy Incorporating salmon oil rich in DHA and EPA into your dog’s diet can provide substantial health benefits, especially for dogs with epilepsy. By choosing high-quality, natural forms of fish oil, you can support your dog's brain health, reduce inflammation, and potentially lower the frequency of seizures. Always consult with your vet before starting any new supplementation to ensure it’s the best choice for your dog. References https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ovj/article/view/259291 Yonezawa, Tomohiro, et al. “Effects of High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation as an Add-on Therapy for Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy: A Pilot Study.” Open Veterinary Journal, www.ajol.info/index.php/ovj/article/view/259291 . Accessed 3 July 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090023311001675 Helen Matthews, et al. “Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation in Dogs with Idiopathic Epilepsy: A Clinical Trial.” The Veterinary Journal, W.B. Saunders, 3 June 2011, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090023311001675 . https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14737175.2016.1226135 DeGiorgio, C. M., & Taha, A. Y. (2016). Omega-3 fatty acids (ῳ-3 fatty acids) in epilepsy: animal models and human clinical trials. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 16(10), 1141–1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2016.1226135